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Pharm 1-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Four components of pharmokinetics | absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion |
| 2 Main routes of medication administration | enteral, parenteral |
| Enteral medication routes | oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal (could be topical) |
| Parenteral medication routes | Intravenous, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous, Intradermal, Intraarterial, Intrathecal (spine), Intraarticular (joint) |
| Most common blood protein | albumin |
| Drug that must enter the liver to work | prodrug |
| Topical routes | skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs (inhalation), rectum, vagina |
| The extent of drug absorption is called? | bioavailability |
| ACE inhibitor that is not a prodrug | captopril |
| Term for effect where a large proportion of a drug is chemically changed into inactive metabolites by the liver. Much smaller amount will be bioavailable. | first pass effect |
| Transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action | distribution |
| Biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, a more potent active metabolite (as in the conversion of an inactive prodrug to its active form), or a less active metabolite | metabolism |
| Elimination of drugs from the body | excretion |
| time required for half (50%) of a given drug to be removed from the body | half-life |
| Physiologic state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to amount of drug absorbed with each dose. | steady state |
| highest blood level of a drug | peak level |
| lowest blood level of drug | trough level |
| Pharmacodynamics | study of what the drug does to the body |
| Pharmacotherapeutics | clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases |
| Tolerance | decreased response to repeated drug doses |
| Dependence | physiologic or psychological need for a drug |
| Physical dependence | physiologic need for a drug to avoid physical withdrawal symptoms |
| Psychological dependence | also known as addiction and is the obsessive desire for the euphoric effects of a drug |
| Medication use process in which errors can occur | Prescribing, Dispensing, Administering, Monitoring |
| Four main sources for pharmacognosy | plants, animals, minerals, lab synthesis |
| Pharmacotherapeutics | The clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases |
| Route that would give the slowest pain relief would be? | PO |
| The nurse is giving a medication that has a high first-pass effect. The health care provider has changed the route from PO to IV. What can the nurse expect with the IV dose? | The IV dose will be lower because of the first-pass effect. |
| 5 steps of nursing process | assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation |
| rights of medication administration (6) | patient, drug, dose, time, route, documentation |
| QSEN components | patient centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence based practice, quality improvement, safety, informatics |
| Lifespan considerations | Pregnancy, Newborn, Pediatric, Older adult |
| Dosage calculations for pediatric patients are different than for adults because pediatric patients... | have an immature liver and kidney function |
| What does the nurse identify as a pharmacokinetic change that occurs in older adults? | The number of intact nephrons is decreased. |
| What percentage of all Americans are predicted to belong to a minority group by the year 2044? | One half |
| Which of the following statements regarding African Americans’ responses to antihypertensive medication therapy is true? | African Americans respond better to diuretics than to beta blockers. |
| A nurse does not notice that a patient’s IV site is swollen, red, painful, and warm to touch nor that the IV has quit infusing properly. What ethical principle does this involve? | Breach of duty |
| How many half-lives must pass before a drug is considered removed from the body | 5 |
| Category X | Never give this medication to someone who is pregnant |
| Drugs cross the placenta by | diffusion |
| Category A | Safe for pregnant women |
| Category B | Some animal studies show fetal risk |
| Category C | Not safe for pregnant women unless benefit outweighs the risk |
| Category D | Human studies show fetal risk, but benefits may be acceptable |
Created by:
kalanijade
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