Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
study for LVN nclex
endocrine disorders for LVN nclex review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is on top of each kidney; regulates sodium and electrolyte balance; affects carb., fat & protein metabolism;influences development of sex characterisitics; and sustains "fight or flight" response? | Adrenal Gland |
| Is the outer shell of the adrenal gland and synthesizes glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids; secretes small amounts of sex hormones (i.e. androgens and estrogens). | Adrenal Cortex |
| Is the inner core of the adrenal gland; works as part of the sympathetic nervous system; produces epinephrine and norepinephrine. | Adrenal Medulla |
| Is located on the anterior part of the neck; controls the rate of body metabolism and growth; produces thyroxine(T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyrocalcitonin. | Thyroid Gland |
| What is located on the thyroid gland; controls calcium and phosphorous metabolism; produces parathyroid hormone? | Parathyroid Glands |
| It is located posterior to the stomach; influences carbohydrate metabolism; indirectly influences fat and protein metabolism; and produces insulin and glucagon. | Pancreas |
| This is located in the pelvic cavity and produces estrogen and progesterone. | Ovaries |
| These are located in the scrotum; they control the development of the secondary sex characteristics and produces testosterone. | Testes |
| This regulates hormone secretion by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland; (increased amounts of target gland hormones in the bloodstream decrease the secretion of the same hormone and other hormones that stimulate their release). | NegativeFeedback Loop |
| The portion of the diencephalon of the brain that forms the floor and part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle; activates, controls, and integrates the peripheral autonomic nervous system, the endocrine processes, and many somatic functions. | Hypothalamus |
| Is the master gland; located at the base of the brain;influenced by hypothalamus; directly affects function of other endocrine glands; promotes growth of body tissue, influences water absorption by kidney, & controls sex development and function. | Pituitary Gland |
| Hyposecretion of one or more of the pituitary hormones caused by tumors, trauma, encephalitis, autoimmunity, or stroke. | Hypopituitarism |
| Horomones that are affected by hypopituitarism | Growth hormone (GH), and the gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone), but Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) may be involved. |
| Signs and Symptoms of hypopituitarism | mild to modrate obesity; reduced cardiac output; infertility and sexual dysfunction; fatigue and low blood pressure (tumors may cause headaches and visual defects. |
| The hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) by the anterior pituitary gland in an adult and is caused primarily by pituitary tumors; leads to conditions such as acromegaly and Cushing's disease | Hyperpituitarism |
| Signs and symptoms of hyperpituitarism | large hands and feet; thickening and protrusion of jaw; arthritic changes; visual disturbances; diaphoresis; oily, rough skin; organomegaly; HTN; dysphagia; deepening of voice |
| What is hypophysectomy? | pituitary adenectomy, transsphenoidal surgery |
| Hyposecretion of ADH caused by strokes, trauma, and idiopathic causes; kidney tubules fail to reabsorb water | Diabetes Insipidus |
| Signs and symptoms of Diabetes Insipidus | polyuria of 4 to 24 L/day; polydipsia; dehydration; inability to concentrate urine; a low specific urine gravity (1.006 or less); fatigue; muscle pain and weakness; Headache; postural HTN; tachycardia |
| Excess ADH is released, but not in response to the bodily needs; causes include trauma, stroke, malignancies; medications and stress; the syndrome results in water intoxication and hyponatremia. | Syndrome of inappropriae antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) |
| Signs and symptoms of SIADH | signs of fluid volume overload; changes in LOC and mental status changes; weight gain; HTN; tachycardia; anorexia, nausea, and vomiting; hyponatremia |
| What are medications used to treat SIADH? | Demeclocycline (Declomycin)- inhibits ADH-induced water reabsorption and produces water diuresis |
| Medications for diabetes insipidus | Chlorpropamide (Diabinese) for mild case; Vasopressin tannate (Pitressin) or desmopressin acetate (DDAVP, Stimate) - for severe or chronic cases |
| Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones (glucocorticoids and minerlocorticoids); can be prkmary or secondary; is fatal if untreated | Addison's disease |
| Signs and symptoms of Addison's Disease | letargy, fatigue, and muscle weakness; GI disturbances; weight loss; menstrual changes in women, impotence in men; hypoglycemia and hyponatremia; hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia; postural HTN; hyperpigmentation of the skin (bronzed) with primary disease |
| Medications for Addison's disease | administer glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid medications (need for lifelong glucocorticoid therapy) |
| a life threatening disorder caused by acute adrenal insufficiency; precipitated by stress, infection, trauma, surgery, or the abrupt withdrawal of exogenous corticosteroid use; can cause hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia and shock | Addisonian crisis |
| Addisonian crisis medications | adminster I.V. glucocorticoids as prescribed; hydrocortisone sodium sucinate (Solu-Cortef) is prescribed initially; after resolution of crisis administer glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids orally, as prescribed |
| characterized by hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex; is a metabolic disorder results from the chronic and excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex or administration of glucocorticoids in lg. doses over several weeks | Cushing's Disease (hypercortisolism) |
| Signs and symptoms of Cushing's Disease | generalized muscle wasting and weakness; moonface and buffalo hump; truncal obesity with thin extremeties; hirsutism; hyperglycemia and hypernatremia; hypokalemia HTN; fragile skin that bruises easily; reddish-purple striae on abdomen and upper thighs |
| Medications for Cushing's Disease (hypercortisolism) | administer chemotherapeutic agents for inoperable adrenal tumors; prepare patient for radiation if pituitary adenoma; glucocorticoids may be adminstered after a adrenalectomy |
| hypersecretion of mineralocorticoids(aldosterone) from the adrenal cortex of adrenal gland; most commonly caused by an adenoma | Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome) |
| Signs and symptoms of Conn's Syndrome (metabolic alkalosis) | Symptoms related to hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and HTN; HA, fatigue, muscle weakness, and nocturia; polydipsia and polyuria; paresthesias; visual changes; low urine specific gravity and increased urinary aldosteronism; elevated serum aldosterone levels |
| Medications for Conn's syndrome (hyperaldosteronism) | Spironolactone (Aldactone) may be prescribed; administer potassium supplements, administer glucocorticoids preoperatively to prevent hypofunction, glucocorticoid therapy will be given after adrenalectomy. |
| A catecholamine-producing tumor that is usually found in the adrenal medulla; excessive amounts of epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted | Pheochromocytoma |
| Complications of pheochromocytoma | hypertensive crisis, hypertensive retinopathy, and neuropathy; cardiac enlargement and dysrhythmias; CHF; MI; increased platelet aggregation and brain attack; and death from shock, renal failure, dysrhythmias, or dissecting aortic aneurysm |
| signs and symptoms of pheochromocytoma | paroxysmal or sustained HTN; severe HA; palpitations; flushinfg and profuse diaphoresis; pain in chest or abdomen with nausea and vomiting; heat intolerance; weight loss; tremors; hyperglycemia |
| Medications for pheochromocytoma | administer a x-adrenergic blocking agent (i.e. phenoxybenzamine ([Dibenzyline]) as prescribed to control HTN |
| hyposecretion of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4; characterized by a decreased rate of body metabolism | Hypothyroidism |
| Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism | lethargy and fatigue; weakness, muscle aches, and paresthesias; intolerance to cold; weight gain; dry skin and hair & loss of body hair; bradycardia;constipation; generalized puffiness and edema(myxedema);forgetfulness and memory loss; cardiac enlargement |
| Medications for hypothyroidism | levothyroxine sodium (Synthyroid)- most common |
| A rare but serious disorder that results from persistently low thyroid production; coma ca be precipitated by acute illness, the rapid withdrawal of thyroid meds., anesthesia, surgery, hypothermia, or use of sedatives and opiod analgesics | Myxedema Coma |
| signs and symptoms of myxedema coma | hypotension; bradycardia; hypothermia; hyponatremia; hypoglycemia; generalized edema; respiratory failure; and coma |
| Medications used for Myxedema Coma | Administer I.V. levothyroxine sodium (Synthyroid) as prescribed; administer I.V. glucose; administer corticosteroids, as prescribed |
| ahypersecretion of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4; characterized by an increased rate of body metabolism; common cause is Grave's disease, which is a toxic diffuse goiter; referred to as thyrotoxicosis | Hyperthyroidism (Grave's disease) |
| signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism (Grave's disease0 | enlarged thyroid gland(goiter); palpitations and cardiac dysrhythmias (tachycardia), protruding eyeballs(exophthalmos); HTN; heat intolerance; diaphoresis; weight loss; diarrhea; smooth, skin & hair; nervousness and fine tremors of hands; irritability |
| Medications for hyperthyroidsim | adminster antithyroid medications (e.g. propylthiouracil) that block thyroid synthesis; administer iodine preparations that inhibit the release of the thyroid hormone; administer propanolol (Inderal) for tachycardia as prescribed |
| An acute and life-threatening condition that occurs in a client with uncontrollable hyperthyroidism; result of manipulation of thyroid gland in thyroid surgery, thyroid hormone released into bloodstream, or severe infection or stress. | Thyroid Storm |
| signs and symptoms of thyroid storm | elevated temperature; tachycardia; systolic HTN; nausea, vomiting and diarrhea; agitation and tremors and anxiety; irritability, agitation, restlessness, confusion, and seizures as conditin progresses; delirium and coma |
| v |
Created by:
aswoboda
Popular Nursing sets