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322 Exam 2
322 Anticoagulants and Antilipidemics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anticoagulants | prevent new clots from forming |
| side effects of anticoagulants | bleeding, petechiae, weakness, epistaxis |
| antiplatelets | prevent platelet aggregation, prevent thrombosis in artery |
| clopidogrel (plavix) | used after MI or stroke to prevent recurrence; prevents ADP from binding with platelet receptor |
| thrombolytics | attack and dissolve already formed blood clots; bind to fibrin promoting plasminogen to plasmin |
| adverse effects of thrombolytics | anaphylaxis, laryngeal edema, angioedema, cerebral edema, seizures |
| anticoagulants interventions | monitor PT and INR, use soft toothbrush |
| bile acid sequestrants | reduce LDL cholesterol levels by binding with bile acids in the intestine - helps excrete lipids through the GI tract |
| fibrates (fibric acid) | reduce triglycerides and VLDL, do not take with anticoagulants |
| nicotnic acid | reduces VLDL and LDL, large doses required; niacin |
| cholesterol absorption inhibitor | decreases cholesterol from dietary absorption, reducing serum cholesterol, triglycerides and apoB levels; ezetimibe |
| HMG - COA, statins | inhibit the enzyme HMG CoA reductase in cholesterol biosynthesis, decreasing LDLs, VLDL and triglycerides, increases HDLs slightly |
| adverse reactions of statins | muscle cramps and weakness, cataracts, liver impairment, myalgia, rhabdomyolysis |
| rhabdomyolysis | breakdown of muscle tissue that releases a damaging protein into the bloodstream |
| heparin | accelerates anticoagulation cascade, prolongs clotting time; monitor PTT (normal 60 to 70), aPTT |
| bleeding precautions | aware of epistaxis, hematoma, avoid large amounts of leafy greens, do not take a lot of aspirin |
| low molecular weight heparin | more stable, less lab monitoring, less risk for bleeding; enoxeparin |
| direct thrombin inhibitors | treatment of DVT and PE; argathroban |
| side effects of direct thrombin inhibitors | chest pain, dyspnea, hematoma, hypotension, cardiac arrest |
| oral warfarin | inhibits synthesis of vitamin K, monitor PT (prothrombin time), INR (international normalized ratio) |
| PT | time it takes to form a clot |
| selective factor xa inhibitor | selectively blocks clotting factor xa, does not require close monitoring |
| side effects of warfarin | petechiae, priapism, alopecia, fever |
| anti platelet example | aspirin |
| HDL | good cholesterol |
| LDL | bad cholesterol |
| statin teaching | avoid grapefruit juice, take before bed |
| niacin side effects | flushing, headache, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia; take with aspirin |
Created by:
ahommel
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