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322 Exam 2

322 Diuretics and Antihypertensives

TermDefinition
thiazide diuretics act on distal convoluted tubule, beyond loop of henle; promote sodium, chloride and water excretion and promotes calcium reabsorption, hyperglycemia
thiazide diuretics avoided patients with severe renal disease
loop diuretics depletes water and electrolytes; ascending loop of henle to inhibit chloride transport of sodium into circulation and inhibit passive reabsorption of sodium
osmotic diuretics use increased intracranial pressure (cerebral edema), glaucoma, drug overdose and trauma
potassium sparing diuretics act on collecting duct renal tubules and late distal tubule to promote sodium and water excretion and potassium retention
potassium sparing diuretics use pulmonary edema, heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, hypokalemia
thiazide contraindications renal and liver disease, digoxin
thiazide caution if potassium levels are low, do not administer dose
diuretics first line treatment for hypertension, decrease extracellular volume
loop diuretic furosemide
beta adrenergic blocker reduces cardiac output by diminishing the SNS response to decrease basal sympathetic tone, lowers BP and HR; reduce HR and contracility
non selective sympathetic blocker propanolol, nadolol
cardio selective beta blocker, block beta1 atenolol, metoprolol
centrally acting sympathetic blockers reduced peripheral vascular resistance and increased vasodilation, methyldopa, clonidine and guanfacine
direct acting arteriolar vasodilators relax smooth muscles of blood vessels, causing vasodilation, promote increased blood flow to brain and kidneys; sodium and water retained = edema
ACE inhibitors inhibit conversion of angio I to II; causes a persistent dry cough
calcium channel blockers promote vasodilation by blocking calcium channels; can cause flushing, headache and edema
modifiable hypertension risk factors low sodium, exercise, avoid alcohol, stop smoking, decrease stress
angiotensin II blockers (ARB) prevent release of aldosterone, decrease resistance; losartan, valsartan
renin inhibitors decrease plasma renin
Created by: ahommel
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