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ABGs
Arterial Blood Gases
Question | Answer |
---|---|
pH range | 7.35-7.45 |
paCO2 range | 35-45 |
HCO3- | 22-26 |
paO2 | 80-100 |
respiratory opposite | alkalosis - increased pH, decreased PaCO2 acidosis - decreased pH, increased paCO2 |
metabolic equal | acidosis - decreased pH, decreased HCO3- alkalosis- increased pH, increased HCO3- |
uncompensated | paCO2 or HCO3- is normal |
partial compensation | all are abnormal |
fully compensated | normal pH |
respiratory acidosis | pH < 7.35 paCO2 > 45 |
conditions associated with respiratory acidosis | hypoventilation, COPD, pneumonia, post-op pain, drug overdose |
assessment of respiratory acidosis | hypoventilation, hyperkalemia, decreased LOC, decreased blood pressure, decreased O2 sat, increased HR |
interventions for respiratory acidosis | breath sounds, reposition to semi-fowlers, vital signs, minimal narcotics, suction, incentive spirometry, O2 therapy, bronchodilators, hydration, EKG and urine output |
respiratory alkalosis | pH > 7.35 paCO2 < 35 |
conditions associated with respiratory alkalosis | anxiety, fear, aspirin poison, hypoxia |
assessment of respiratory alkalosis | hyperventilation, weakness / tingling, EKG --> hypokalemia, CNS--> confusion, rapid, deep respirations |
interventions for respiratory alkalosis | determine cause, O2 if hypocapnic, decreased stress, evaluate need for sedation, pursed lip breathing |
metabolic acidosis | pH < 7.35 paCO2 < 22 |
conditions associated with metabolic acidosis | increase of metabolic acids --> aspirin OD, ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis |
assessment of metabolic acidosis | Kussmaul respirations, diarrhea, N/V, decreased BP and HR, decreased and weak peripheral pulses, dysrhythmias due to hyperkalemia |
interventions for metabolic acidosis | rehydrate --> IV, monitor EKG, weight, lab values, intake / output |
metabolic alkalosis | pH > 7.35 paCO2 > 26 |
conditions associated with metabolic alkalosis | diuretic therapy, excessive intake of baking soda, excessive loss of metabolic acids --> vomiting, excessive intake of mineral corticoids, prolonged NG suction |
assessment of metabolic alkalosis | elevated HR --> hypokalemia, and hypomagnesmia, monitor RR, decreased BP, labs, muscles weakness, weight loss, irritability, confusion |
interventions for metabolic alkalosis | daily weight, VS, cardiac rhythm, LOC, labs, irrigate NG tube with normal saline, intake and output, IV fluids, antiemetics, K+ supplement |