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HBHD 1 - Ch 1

Organization of the Human Body

QuestionAnswer
The study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts Anatomy
The study of the functions of living organisms and their parts Physiology
The scientific study of disease Pathology
A systemic approach to discovery Scientific Method
A reasonable guess based on informal observations Hypothesis
Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism Levels of Organization
Atoms and Molecules The Chemical Level
The smallest living units of the structure and function in the body. Cells
Organization of many cells that act together to perform one function Tissues
A group of several different kinds of tissues that work together to perform a specific function Organs
A group of various kinds of organs working together to perform complex functions of the body System
The body as a whole Organism
Position in which the body is lying face upward Supine
Position in which the body is lying face down Prone
Towards the head Superior
Towards the feet Inferior
Towards the front Anterior
Towards the back Posterior
Towards the belly Ventral
Towards the back Dorsal
Towards the midline Medial
Towards the side Lateral
Nearest the point of origin or the trunk of the body Proximal
Farthest from the point of origin or the trunk of the body Distal
Nearer the surface Superficial
Farther away from the surface Deep
A lengthwise plane running from anterior to posterior, dividing the body into left and right parts. Sagittal Plane
A unique type of sagittal plan that divides the body into equal halves Midsaggital Plane
Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions Frontal (Coronal) Plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior parts Transverse Plane
Skin; protects from injury and infection; hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands Integumentary System
The basic framework of the body Skeletal System
Attaches to bones and produce movement Muscular System
Glands grouped together because of a similar function, produce hormones which regulate body activities (growth, nutrient utilizations and reproduction) Endocrine System
Contains the heart and blood vessels; pumps blood through the body; carries oxygen; carries wastes from tissues for elimination Cardiac and Vascular Systems
Returns fluid from tissues to the blood - tonsils, thymus, and spleen. Has a role in immunity and absorption of fats and fluids Lymphatic System
Takes in air and conducts it to areas in the lungs for gas exchange. CV system take the O2 throughout the body and then brought back to the lungs for expulsion Respiratory System
Takes nutrients in and converts them into a useable form. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas....Works with Respiratory System Digestive System
Rids the body of waste products and excess water. Contains the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, Balances fluid volume within the body. Urinary System
External sex organs and related internal organs concerned with protection of offspring. Reproductive System
Relative constant state within our bodies Homeostasis
Detects alterations from normal functions and Reverses things back to the setpoint value in order to stabilize conditions. EX: Increased respirations during exercise to rid body of CO2 Negative Feedback Loop
Temporary amplifies the change occurring within the body, causing a rapid increase rate of events until something stops it. EX: rapid increase in contractions prior to delivery Positive Feedback Loop
Portion of the body that consists of the head, neck, and torso/trunk. Axial Skeleton
Consists of the upper and lower extremities Appendicular Skeleton
A degenerative process that results from disuse Atrophy
Detects the change in homeostasis Sensor
Works like a thermostat to maintain homeostasis Control Center
The level within the body which typically maintains homeostasis Set Point
When stimulated, works to correct the change within the body that has causes the shift which altered homeostasis. Automatically shuts off once things return to normal. Effector
Acts as a trigger Stimulus
A resulting physiological change Response
Internal body conditions that fluctuate frequently causing drifts away from homeostasis Variable
Created by: bwk
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