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ANATOMY 2 VR
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does plasma contains? | Oxygen Waste 3 proteins (ben) Hormones Nutrients Ions |
| Whats the approximate # of wbc in a Cubic millimeter of blood ? | 7,500 |
| What do the RBC do, function or purpose? | Transport oxygen Transport Carbon dioxide Has pigment hemoglobin to bin w/oxygen |
| which WBC are phagocytes? | Neutrophils -a Monocytes -a Eosinophils -w |
| Which WBC's make antibodies ? | B Lymphocytes |
| Vitamin K Stimulates Liver to to increase production of what? | o Prothrombin |
| What is the most abundant type of Solute in blood plasma ? | • Proteins (91 % ) |
| Sicklecell anemia can be caused by What? | o A abnormal hemoglobin inherited from 1 or more parent o The hemoglobin is less Soluble o To little hempgloblin |
| What are Globulins? | these are a plasma protein that make antibodies for infection |
| This is a Stationary blood clot that blocks blood flow#Thrombus | Thrombus |
| If a couple were about to have a baby when would they worry about the mom having Erythroblastosis Fetalis? | If a couple were Rh- mom, Rh+ dad and they had a Rh+ baby, and the mom had a second child this condition would cause what? |
| The Superior Vena carries what where? | Oxygen poor blood to Rt. Atrium |
| What is another name for pacemaker of heart? | SA Node (Sinoatrial Node) is also cslled what? |
| What Blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? | Arteries (do what?) pg. 315 |
| What is the Blood vessel that carries blood to the heart? | The Veins( do what?) |
| Name of Structure in fetus that allows the blood to bypass lungs? | Foramen Ovale (moves blood from rt. atrium to left atrium) pg. 319Ductus Arteriosus (connects aorta & pulmonary Artery)( they do what?) |
| Name the 4 chambers of the heart? | Rt & Lt Ventricle, Rt & Lt Atrium (what are these?) |
| Where u can feel a pulse? | Arteries (that lie near the surface of the body and over a bone or other firm base)(This is where you feel what) |
| What does cardiac output mean? | This is the volume of blood pumped by the Ventricle per 1 minute. usually 5 liters at rest for a adult. |
| only Veins have what? | One-way semilunar Valves( these are found where?) |
| Where is Blood Pressure the highest? | In the Arteries( BP is ? here) |
| Where is Blood Pressure the Loweset? | In the Veins(BP is ? here) |
| Trace the flow of the blood through the heart! | 1. Sup- VenaCava(oxygen poor)2.R-Atrium 3. triscupid Valve4. R-Ventricle5. Pulmonary SL valve6. rt and lt lung to get O27. L-atrium oxy8. through mitral(biscupid)valve 9. lt-ventricle10.Aortc SL valve11. Aorta12.to rest body |
| parts of heart conduction do what? | Conduction sys coordinates contraction during the Cardiac cycle that is linked electrically.1.Sinoatrial node: pacemaker, SA node-impulse conduction starts here( causing atrial Fibers to contract) 2.(AV node)- receives impulses from SA node relays to |
| Structures of Lymphatic System include? | Lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, thymus and the Spleen( these are part of what?) |
| How is lymph formed? | It is formed when blood plasma filters out of the capillaries into microscopic spaces between tissue cells because of the pressure generated by the pumping action of the heart.( this forms what?) |
| What are antigens and what do they cause? | They are protein molecules imbedded in the surface membranes of invading or diseased cellslike microorganisms or cancer cells( they produce an immune response when they bind to antibodies in the body, Cause formation of Antibodies). |
| What do the B- cells do and where are they located? | B-cells are made in the liver and the bone marrow before birth. Baby B-cells have specific antibodies in cytoplasmic membrane-clones itself into immature b-cells. Then undergo 2nd stage and turn into activated B bells if comes in contact with antigen |
| When does long turn. Immunity occur? | Occurs when body is exposed to causative agent and body builds immunity for that disease. Natural & Artificial Active immunity |
| -cells do what? | specific protein molecules binding Sites on their membrane that can only accept one kind of Antigen -Ist stage of development occurs in thymus -stem cells need to get process started -inactivated Untilcome in contact with specific agent -activated o |
| Name of important phagocytic cells in the immunity System ? | Neutrophils (short lived) and Monocytes ( once in tissue change to phagocytic cells called macrophages ) |
| Thoracic duct does what? | 1. This is the largest lymphoid organ in the body, protected by lower ribs, can he easily damaged in a abdominal injury , drains lymph from upper left part of body |
| Antogens Do what? | These substances are foreign proteins and activate a bonding response with antibodies |
| What is in the upper respiratory tract ? | Nose, pharynx, Larynx |
| How does the respiratory muscosa protect the respiratory System ? | It removes almost every form of contaminant before inspired air reaches the alveoli or terminal sacs in the lungs |
| Function of epiglottis (cartilage in larynx) ? | Prevents backflow of food into trachea (closes off larynx) |
| What is the most important muscle in inspiration ? | Diaphragm |
| The auditory( Eustachian) tube connects what to what ? | this connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx |
| What is Surfactant and where is it? | covers the surface of the respiratory membrane inside each alveolus, helps reduce surface tension in alveoli And it keeps them from collaspinqo as air moves in and out during respirations |
| What does the Lower respiratory tract includes? | trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs ( this is part of what?) |
| What are Conchae and where are they found | 3 shell like Structures in nasal cavity that help in humidifying air; are muscus covered; increase Surface area for air to flow over |
| What process does food undergo in body when you Eat food | digestion, absorption, metabolism (occur when we do what?) |
| Sequence of sections Of small intestine through which food passes? | Duodenum 2.jejunum 3. illeum |
| What is the purpose of Bile? | Fat elmulsification and cholestrol removal( what does this?) |
| Enzymes are important for what type of digestion | Chemical digestion |
| What’s the most important end product of carbohydrate digestion ? | Glucose (important for what?) |
| Name the Layer Of digestive tract from inside to out? | Muscosa, Submucosa, Museularis, Serosa ( this is in what?) |
| Besides the 3 basic types of food, good nutrition requires what? | 483 Vitamins, mineral |
| What the name of process that breaks food molecules into Smaller molecules to release energy | Catabolism (this does what?) |
| What does Metabolism include ? | Anabolism, Catabolism |
| What is glucose anabolism called ? | Glycogenisis |
| Besides insulin what hormone lowers blood glucose levels? | None |
| Proteins are used by the body for what? | Growth and muscle repair |
| Regarding the TMR to safely lose weight you do what ? | Lower calorie intake,total energy used by body per day . if calories=TMR weight is maintained. |
| where does protein digesdtion begin? | Stomach( break down to smaller parts starts in gastric Juices) |
| vitamins are? | Organic compounds needed in small amounts for normal metabolism. Most can not be made by the body) |
| Glcolysis | this is the first reaction in glucose catabolism |
| ATP | this is the energy for the cell |
| Where is Amylase made and what does it do? | this enzyme is found in the pancreas, breaks down polysaccharides down to disaccharides |
| What is the importance of Bile? | It emulsifies fat, contains no enzymes ( made in liver) |
| What structure is part of the digestive and respirztory system? | The Larynx(it is part of what 2 systems) |
| Name the structure that prevents food and fluid from the Trachea? | The Epiglottis( this structure does what? |
| What are minerals and where are they found? | These are inorganic molecules that are found in nature and are needed in trace amounts |
| Name the structure that is part of the Renal Corpuscle that is part of tuble distal to the ascending limb of the loop of Henle? | Distal Convuluted Tuble |
| Name the chemicals that the Kidney's help regulate the concentration of? | Chlorine, Sodium, potassium and bicarbonate( these are regulated by what?) |
| What is Reabsorption? | this is the movemaent of substance out of the renal tubules(from urine) into the blood capillaries |
| Which hormone is produced by posterior pituitary Gland, and what does it do? | ADH-antidiuretic hormone; it decreases the amount of urine by making collecting tubules permeable to water; when ADH is absent tubules are practically impermeable to water so little or no water is reabsorbed (water retaining hormone) |
| This hormone is secreted by the heart atrial wall and it increases secretions of urine and sodium | ANH or atrial natrieretic hormone (does what?) |
| Name the structures that make up the Renal Corpuscle? | Bowmans's capsule and the Glomerulus( these are part of what?) |
| What hormone is secreted by the Adrenal Cortex and plays a part in the kidney tubule Reabsorption of Salt and Water? | Aldestrone( increases reabsorption of what? |
| What does the Extracellular Fluid consist of? | It contains the liquid part of whole blood called plasma |
| What the fluid that surrounds the cells called? | Interstitial Fluid( this is where) |
| What is the Fluid the makes up the largest volume of water in the body and is inside the cells called? | Intracellular Fluid( where is it located) |
| Name the sources of fluid input in the body? | from liquids, foods, water from catabolism of food |
| What is the organ that regulates the greatest amount of fluid loss or output? | The Kidney(influences loss of what?) |
| What are the characteristics of Electrolytes? | Dissociate in water- into cations and anionsconduct electric currentregulate fluid balance |
| When does dehysration occur? | this happens when fluid loss from the body exceeds fluid intake. salivary secretions decrease. |
| A neutral solution has a Ph of what and contains how many H- and OH+'s? | It has a Ph of 7 and contains equal numbers of H- and OH+ |
| What are the three mechanisms that the body uses to regulate body Ph? | BuffersUrinaryRespiratory |
| if your solution has a Ph of 9 what is it classified as? | this is Alakline or Basic, it has high numbers of OH |
Created by:
VRoberts
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