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CH 27 Theories
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Erik Erikson | Psychosocial development |
| Sigmund Freud | Psychosexual stages of development |
| Lawrence Kohlberg | Theory of moral development |
| Jean Piaget | Theory of how children learn (Cognitive learning) |
| Maslow | organized human needs into a hierarchy. Five level of human needs. |
| Maslow 1st level | Physiologic - O2, fluids, nutrition, environmental temperature, elimination, shelter, rest and sex |
| Maslow 2nd level | Safety and security - physical safety and security |
| Maslow 3rd level | Belonging and love - emerges after safety needs are met |
| Maslow 4th level | Self-esteem - feeling good about one's self and feeling that others hold one in high regard |
| Maslow 5th level | Self-actualization - self fulfilment |
| What is Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory about? | one stage may not be permanent and can change based on experiences later in life. |
| Erikson's 1st stage | TRUST VS MISTRUST (Birth to 18 months) |
| Erikson's 2nd stage | AUTONOMY VS SHAME & DOUBT (18 mo - 3 yrs) |
| Erikson's 3rd stage | INITIATIVE VS GUILT (3-6 yrs) |
| Erikson's 4th stage | INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY (6-12 yrs) |
| Erikson's 5th stage | IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION (12 - 20 yrs) |
| Erikson's 6th stage | INTIMACY VS ISOLATION (20 - 35 yrs) |
| Erikson's 7th stage | GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION (35 - 65 yrs) |
| Erikson's 8th stage | EGO INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR (65 and older) |
| ERIKSON | T-A-IIII-G-E |
| What is Jean Piaget's cognitive learning theory? | cognitive acts as ways in which the mind organizes, adapts to its environment |
| Piaget SCHEMATA | categories formed by individual in his or her mind to organize and understand the world |
| Piaget ASSIMILATION | ability to incorporate new ideals, objects, experiences into framework of one's thoughts |
| Piaget ACCOMODATION | ability to change schema to introduce new ideas, objects, experiences |
| PIAGET | S-P-C-F |
| Piaget's 1st cognitive development | SENSIMOTOR STAGE (birth to 2 yrs) |
| Piaget's 2nd cognitive development | PREOPERATIONAL STAGE (2 TO 7 yrs) |
| Piaget's 3rd cognitive development | CONCRETE OPERATIONS (7-11 yrs) |
| Piaget's 4th cognitive development | FORMAL OPERATIONS (11 yrs to death) |
| SENSIMOTOR STAGE (birth to 2 yrs) | experience world through senses |
| PREOPERATIONAL STAGE (2 TO 7 yrs) | displays egocentrism |
| CONCRETE OPERATIONS (7-11 yrs) | logically manipulate symbols |
| FORMAL OPERATIONS (11 yrs to death) | logically can manipulate abstract or unobservable concepts. Scientific approach to problem solving |
| What is Lawrence Kohlberg's moral development theory? | complicated process involving acceptance of values and rules of society in way that shapes behavior |
| KOHLBERG | P-P-M-C-P |
| Kohlberg's 1st moral theory | PRECONVENTIONAL MORALITY (birth to 7 yrs) |
| Kohlberg's 2nd moral theory | CONVENTIONAL MORALITY (7-12 yrs) |
| Kohlberg's 3rd moral theory | POSTCONVENTIONAL MORALITY (12 yrs and older) |
| Kohlberg PRECONVENTIONAL MORALITY Stage 0 | Infant cannot distinguish right from wrong |
| Kohlberg PRECONVENTIONAL MORALITY 1st stage (2-3 yrs) | selfish, unable to distinguish right from wrong |
| Kohlberg PRECONVENTIONAL MORALITY 2nd stage (4-7 yrs) | conforms to rules to obtain rewards or favors |
| Kohlberg CONVENTIONAL MORALITY 3rd stage (7-10 yrs) | conforms to rules to please others. Concern for social order begins to emerge |
| Kohlberg CONVENTIONAL MORALITY 4th stage (10-12yrs) | more concern for society as a whole |
| Kohlberg POST CONVENTIONAL MORALITY 5th stage (12 yrs and older) | individual rights and principles of concience. Focus is what is best for all |
| Kohlberg POST CONVENTIONAL MORALITY 6th stage (12 yrs and older) | conformity |
| FREUD | O-A-P-L-G |
| Freud's 1st psychosexual stage of development | ORAL (0-1 yr) - immediate self gratification |
| Freud's 2nd psychosexual stage of development | ANAL (1-3 yrs) - conflict in demands from society and parents, toilet training |
| Freud's 3rd psychosexual stage of development | PHALLIS (3-6 yrs) - pleasure and conflicting feelings associated with genitals, unconcious social attraction to opposite gender |
| Freud's 4th psychosexual stage of development | LATENCY (6-12 yrs) - conscious and biological sexual urges |
| Freud's 5th psychosexual stage of development | GENITAL (12 yrs and beyond) - emerges with onset puberty, individual gratification from own body |
Created by:
jekjes
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