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N126-U3-MI/CHF #9
Dobrisky-Cardiac Module: Diuretics
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What class of diuretics are the 1st choice? | Thiazides |
Hydrochlorothiazide is in what class of diuretics? | Thiazides |
Thiazides work in the | loop of henle and distal tubules |
Rate the toxicity of Thiazides | low |
Rate the potency of Thiazides | moderate |
Thiazides should be used with patients with what type of renal function? | normal |
Thiazides work by | inhibiting reabsorption of sodium |
the major side effect for thiazides is | potassium loss |
what are the symptoms of hypokalemia? | muscle weakness, cramps, dizziness, nausea & vomiting |
Thiazides increase the excretion of what? | potassium & water |
What other class of diuretics may be given in conjunction with thiazides? | potassium-sparing diuretics |
Thiazides are the #1 choice because | they are less likely to cause excessive diuresis and severe electrolyte imbalance |
rate the speed of osmotic diuretics | rapid |
Manitol is an example of what class of diuretic? | Osmotic Diuretics |
which two classes of diuretics are considered to work rapidly? | osmotic & loop diuretics |
osmotic diuretics' site of action is in | proximal tubules and the loop of henle |
osmotic diuretics inhibit sodium and water | reabsorption |
Which class of diuretics is used for acute renal failure, relieves intraocular pressure and/or head injury? | osmotic diuretics |
Spironolactone is in what class of diuretics? | potassium-sparing diuretics |
Give an example of a potassium-sparing diuretic | Spironalactone (Aldactone) |
"-actone" drugs are what type of drugs | potassium-sparing diuretics |
Rate the potency of potassium-sparing diuretics | not potent |
potassium-sparing diuretics interfere with sodium reabsoption in | distal tubules, blocks aldosterone |
which class of diuretics blocks aldosterone? | potassium-sparing diuretics |
give an example of a med that blocks aldosterone | Spironolactone (Aldactone) |
what condition should you monitor for when administering potassium-sparing diuretics? | hyperkalemia |
With what patients should you use caution when administering potassium-sparing diuretics? | patients with renal impairment |
Furosemide (Lasix) is an example of what class of diuretics? | Loop Diuretic |
rate the speed of Loop Diuretics | rapid |
Which two classes of diuretics are considered rapid? | osmotic & loop |
rate the potency of loop diuretics | potent |
loop diuretics work by | blocking active chloride transport in ascending Loop of Henle |
loop diuretics are considered to have what affect on water excretion? | increases |
Which class of diuretics have a side effect of high electrolyte loss? | loop diuretics |
Which patients should be watched closely while taking loop diuretics? | all patients, especially elderly |
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors are what class of medication? | diuretic |
lisonopril (Prinivil) is what class of diuretic? | carbonic anyhdrase inhibitor |
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have what type of value as a diuretic? | limited |
which class of diuretic may result in tolerance developing? | carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
tolerance to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors develops rapidly when administered for more than how many hours? | 48 |
which class do the "-pril"s belong to? | carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
lisinopril causes increased excretion of what four things? | sodium, potassium, water and bicarbonate |
which class of diuretic also results in increased excretion of bicarbonate? | carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
what are the S/S of sodium barcarbonate loss? | GI distress, dizziness, headache, weakness |
which class of diuretic has a possible side effect of GI distress? | carbonic anhydrase inhibitor |
If electrolyte loss is evident what should the nurses priority be when the patient has received diuretics? | withhold the next dose until the physician is contacted |
what fatal condition could result from the use of diuretics? | ventricular fibrillation |