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IFCHS
INDIVDUAL FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 10 TOP CAUSES OD DEATH IN US (Change on age group,environment) | HEART DISEASE CANCER CVA- cerebroVascular Accident ACCIDENTS CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE –COP Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary PNEUMONIA/FLU DIABETES CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE- Alcoholism ARTERIOSCLERIOSIS- heart disease related SUICIDE/HOMICIDE |
| HEALTH PROBLEMS IN THE US | • NUTRITION-Marketing • STD’s • OBESITY • SMOKING • SUBSTANCE ABUSE |
| SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS RESULTING IN POOR HEALTH | • POOR HOUSING, SANITATION, NUTRITION • Substance Abuse, Cigarettes • Violence • Stress & AnxietY |
| HOW FAMILY EFFECTS THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PT TO THE HEALTH CARE CENTER & COMMUNITY | • The family SHOULD BE considered/included in the care of the patient • Each family member must maintain own individuality within the family group & be able to maintain compatible relationships within the total family group |
| • USPHS | NIH (National Institute of Health) = research (cancer,arthritis,childhood diseases, AIDS) HAS (Health Service Administration) =migrant, Indian health services; treatment of specific diseases (TB) HAS (Health Service Administration) Health planning for t |
| FDA | Protects public for harmful drugs; approves drugs for the market |
| CDC | (Center for Disease Control & Prevention) Study prevention of communicable disease |
| 4 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE HEALTH | • HEREDITY- • ENVIRONMENT • LIFE STYLES • HEALTH CARE |
| HEREDITY- | • Present from moment of conception • Establishes basic personality traits • Influences physical & mental development |
| ENVIRONMENT | • Physical… home, climate, community • Social.. a baby’s view of the world • Friendly warm, dry, fed, cuddled • Hostile cold, wet, hungry, crying |
| LIFE STYLES | |
| HEALTH CARE | |
| 6 aspects of Total Health (Maslow’s Hierarchy influence) | 1. PHYSICAL HEALTH 2. PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH 4. SOCIAL HEALTH 5. EMOTIONAL HEALTH 6. SPIRITUAL HEALTH |
| INDICATORS OF GOOD HEALTH- | INCREASED LOGENVITY, DECREASED DEATH RATE, DECREASED MORBIDITY |
| PHYSICAL HEALTH- | is fitness with the body functioning at it’s optimal best- Max. Depending on the person |
| PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH- | ability to maintain ones balance in dealing with life’s stresses, pleasures, difficulties; |
| COGNITIVE- | Developing a mind that grows; reasons, adapts to change; having a sense of security about ones self; knowledge of strengths & weaknesses; ability to cope |
| SOCIAL HEALTH- | Sense of responsibility for welfare, health of others |
| EMOTIONAL HEALTH- | feelings and actions that bring satisfaction |
| SPIRITUAL HEALTH- | Inner peace & security; having faith w/ knowledge of spiritual values & beliefs. It INCLUDES MORE THAN PHYSICAL WELL BEING |
| DEFENSE MECHANISMS: | · Repression · Suppression · Compensation · Rationalization * Displacement o Denial * Substitution · Sublimation |
| · Repression | o The person is unable to recall painful or unpleasant thoughts or feelings They are automatically and involuntarily pushed into one’s unconsciousness |
| · Suppression | o Willfully or consciously putting a thought or feeling out of one’s mind with the ability to recall at will A deliberate, intentional exclusion from the conscious mind |
| · Compensation | o The act of “making up” for a real or imagined inability or deficiency Uses a specific behavior to maintain self-respect or self-esteem |
| · Rationalization | A common ego defense mechanism o Used to justify ideas, actions or feelings with good, acceptable reasons or explanations |
| · Displacement | A mechanism used to transfer feelings such as frustration, hostility or anxiety from one idea, person or object to another The substitute is less threatening and allows the person to release emotional reactions |
| o Denial | The unconscious refusal to face thoughts, feelings, wishes, needs or reality factors that are intolerable Also defined as blocking of reality by refusing its existence |
| Substitution | The act of finding another goal when one is blocked Reduces frustration and promotes feelings of satisfaction or success |
| · Sublimation | • Re-channeling of consciously intolerable or socially unacceptable behavior into behaviors that are acceptable |
| o Changing attitudes | Mental illness is considered a disease o In-house as well as out-patient treatment is available o The mentally ill are no longer ostracized |
| Individual Worth | Each individual has value and is entitled to respect and to be treated with dignity regardless of circumstances |
| o The Baker Act: | Florida mental health act provides a “bill of rights” for the mentally ill patient; prevents unnecessary hospitalization Allows voluntary/involuntary emergency mental health treatment Involuntary admission can be initiated by a judge, law enforcement of |
| BAKER ACT | o Involuntary treatment can only last for six monthMust be diagnosed with psychosis, neurosis, other mental illness and be dangerous to self or society o Criteria for payment based on income, age, residence, insurance |
| Physiological factors MENTAL ILLNESS | Defective genes Hormonal imbalance Malnutrition Disturbances in neurotransmissions Sleep/dream deprivation/ SENSORY DEPRIVATION |
| o Psychological factors | Maternal detachment and deprivation o Sibling position o Parental behavior o Child-rearing practices o Conflict Stress and coping styles |
| o 1860’s – Dorothea Dix | campaigned against inhumane treatment of the mentally ill |
| · 1963 | Community Mental Health Centers Act (relocation of mentally ill) |
| o AGENCY FUNDING: o OCH | • Vital statistics, Family Planning, Pediatrics, Immunization, VD, & AIDS testing |
| o PUBLIC HOSPITAL | • Federal (VA, military) • State (University hospitals; shands) • Local (County/city; non in the area) |
| · private | • For profit (ORHS, Florida Hospital) • Non-Profit |
| o DRG’S (DIAGNOSTIC RELATED GROUPS): | math formula is used to arrive at a fee the government will pay for hospitalization *Facility receives flat fee for length of stay *DRG category (illness) |
| o HOME HEALTH CARE | o Patients are being discharged sooner and sicker o Require follow up care/nursing skills in home o Care that is given includes • ADLs, Treatments, Medication/IVs, VS, Patient Education |
| EXTENDED CARE FACILITIES | • Provide continuous skilled pt care following hospital discharge • Can be short or long term • Often used for rehabilitation • Expected outcome is discharge home |
| REHABILITATION SERVICES | • Can be done in ECF, special rehab facility, or a private setting • Can be done in hospital on a special unit (BIRC-ORHS Lucerene) • -Rehabilitation can include physical, speech, and hearing |
| Domestic violence | Involves a pattern of coercive behavior including the physical, sexual, and/or psychological abuse of one family member by another.Abuse may include siblings, abuse of parent by child, or abuse of an elderly individual. Rape is included, as well as any o |
| Family violence is most often committed by persons who suffer from mental illness. | FALSE- Abuse is a learned behavior, not a mental illness. |
| Family violence occurs most often among the lower class. | FALSE- It occurs in all socioeconomic classes, races, religions. |
| Children who are abused or witness abuse will often grow up to be abusers. | Research shows this statement to be generally true for the male, however not true for women. |
| • Social Security Administration | o SS= Financial assistance, healthcare assistance, financial assistance for disabilities o Medicare= National health insurance (65+) o Medicaid= Joint federal/state; disabled or AFDC (depends on qualification) |
| Personality Development Berne: | Social psychiatry…transactional analysis strokes” between individuals constitutes a transaction) |
| NURSING CONSIDERATIONS & THE FAMILY | • In a family group there are “specialists” who fulfill certain roles o Performance roles (breadwinner, homemaker) o Emotional Rules (leader, protector, nurturer) • The smaller the family, the more demands placed on particular family members • If a fa |
| FAMILY- | The family unit is characterized by face to face contact, bonds of affection, love, harmony, simultaneous competition and mutual concern.The family is a continuation of the past, present & future • The family has shared goals, identity, behaviors & ritua |
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