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Lifespan Test #2
Mod 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dangerous Cholesterol Levels | Total: 250 + LDL: 150 + HDL Male: Below 40 HDL Women: Below 50 |
| @ Risk Cholesterol Levels | Total: 200 - 239 LDL: 100 - 159 HDL Male: 40 - 59 HDL Women: 50 - 59 |
| Healthy Cholesterol Levels | Total: Below 200 LDL: Below 100 HDL Male: Above 60 HDL Women: Above 60 |
| SA Node Rate | 60 - 100 BPM |
| AV Node Rate | 40 - 60 BPM |
| PR Rate | 0.12 - 0.20 |
| QRS Rate | < 0.10 |
| QT Rate | 0.34 - 0.43 |
| Troponin I & Troponin T | I: <0.05 T: <0.02 |
| Angina | - Acute Chest Pain - Severe narrowing of coronary arteries - Less oxygen to heart muscle - Nitroglycerin usually given to open arteries |
| Stable Angina | - Predictable - Chest pain - Stops w/ rest - Only during stress or strenuous activities |
| Unstable Angina | - Unpredictable - Pre medicate before any activity - Can occur at rest or during sleep - Causes blood clots |
| Variant Angina | - Very Severe - Lasts for a long time - Coronary Artery Spasms |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | - Amlodipine (shorter acting) - Nifedipine (longer acting) - Verapamil (slows av conduction) - Diltiazem (slows av conduction) |
| Ranolazine | - Treatment for chronic angina - Sodium Channel Blocker - Improves diastolic function |
| Nitroglycerin | - Immediate relief of acute angina - Caused by exercise or emotional stress - First pass metabolism occurs in liver - 1 min or 30 min (long acting) |
| Medications for angina | - Vasodilators - Calcium Channel Blockers - Beta Blockers (-olol) - ACE Inhibitors (-pril) - Statins (reduce plaque) - Antiplatelet (Aspirin; Clopidogrel) |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) | - Narrow Veins - Elevate legs - V - Voluptuous pulses (warm legs) - E - Edema (blood pooling) - Irregular Shaped Sores - No sharp pain - dull pain - Yellow & brown ankles |
| Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) | - Narrow Artery - Allow legs to hang - A - Absent pulses (cool legs) - R - Round, red sores - T - Toes & Feet Pale - "eschar" - S - Sharp Calf Pain - Intermittent Claudication (Exercise/Elevation) |
| Pacemaker | - Paces the heart - Regulate HR |
| D - FIB | - Shocks the heart - Corrects arrythmia |
| Types of Aneurysms | - Fusiform (Dilation of entire artery - Bulged both sides) - Saccular (Bulges on one side of the artery - Bulged one side) - Dissecting ( Most Dangerous! Internal Bleeding - Ripped) |
| S & S of Aneurysms | - No early signs - Back pain - Abdominal Mass - Rupture |
| Aneurysm Diagnostic Tests | - Abdominal ultrasound - CT Scan - MRA |
| Aneurysm Nursing Care | - Medication - Avoid lifting - Reduce Stress |
| Varicose Veins | - Elongated, tortuous, dilated veins - Cause is Unknown - Hereditary |
| Varicose Veins Risk Factors | - Prolonged standing - Pregnancy - Obesity |
| Varicose Veins S & S | - Telangiectasias (spider veins) - Dull Pain - Cramping - Edema - Heavy feeling in lower extremities - Ulceration / Disfigurement of lower extremeties |
| Angioplasty | - Open plaque blocked arteries - Balloon / Laser angioplasty - Smaller Occlusions |
| Stents | - Support to artery walls to keep them open |
| The nurse understands during data collection that which of these signs and symptoms of angina are typically seen in women? | - Chest pain, jaw pain, heartburn - Fatigue - Nausea - Breathlessness |
| What would the nurse include in the patients teaching plan for prehospital care for myocardial infarction? | - Call 911 after 5 minutes for unrelieved chest pain - Do not drive self to hospital - Up to 3 tabs of nitroglycerin |
| Six P's | - Pain - Pallor - Pulselessness - Paresthesia - Paralysis - Poikilothermia (inability to regulate temp) |
| Classic sign of abdominal aortic aneurysm? | Back / Flank Pain |
| Cardiac Rhythm Six Step Process | 1. Regularity of rhythm 2. Heart Rate 3. P Wave 4. PR Interval 5. QRS Interval 6. QT interval |
| Sinus Bradycardia | - Regular Rhythm - < 60 bpm - Longer periods in between |
| Sinus Bradycardia S & S | - None or Fatigue/Fainting |
| Sinus Bradycardia Treatment | - None, if asymptomatic - Oxygen - Atropine, dopamine, epinephrine, pacemaker |
| Sinus Tachycardia | - Regular Rhythm - > 100 bpm - Shorter periods in between |
| Sinus Tachycardia S & S | - None - Angina or dyspnea |
| Sinus Tachycardia Treatment | - Adenosine - Beta Blockers - Calcium Channel Blockers |
| V - Tach | - No P Wave - 150 - 250 bpm |
| V - Tach S & S | - Dyspnea - Palpitations - Lightheadedness - Angina - Cardiac Arrest |
| V - Tach Interventions (pulseless) | - CPR - D Fib - Epinephrine - Amiodarone - Lidocaine - Antiarrhythmics (If stable) |
| V - Fib | - Chaotic, Extremely Irregular - HR not measurable - No P Wave; QRS Wave, |
| V - Fib S & S | - Unconscious - No heart sounds, peripheral pulses, BP - Respiratory Arrest - Cyanosis - Pupil Dilation |
| V - Fib Interventions | - Advanced Cardiac Life Support - Immediate D Fib - CPR - Epinephrine, Amiodarone, Lidocaine - Endotracheal intubation & Oxygen |
| Left Sided Heart Failure | - left ventricle ejects blood into aorta through aortic valve - Hypertension (Major cause) - Blood backs up from LV into lungs - Leads to fluid in lungs |
| Right Sides Heart Failure | - Pumps blood into pulmonary artery and lungs - Major cause of Left sided heart failure - Cor pulmonale fails due to increased pressure - Peripheral Edema - JVD |
| Peripheral Edema | - Acute Heart Failure - Severe fluid congestion - " Drowning in own secretions" |
| Pulmonary Edema S & S | - Pink, frothy sputum - Rapid Respirations/ Crackles/ Wheezes - Severe dyspnea, orthopnea (cant lie down) - Anxiety - Cool, Clammy skin |
| Screening Test for Heart Failure | Serum B - Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) |
| Myocardial Infarction | - Death of heart muscle - Non STEMI - Partial Block - STEMI - Complete Block |
| Myocardial Infarction S & S | - Crushing pain radiating through arm, shoulder, neck, jaw - Diaphoresis (sweating) - Dizziness, Fainting - Dyspnea - Nausea - Restlessness - Wheezing/Crackles |
| MI Diagnosis | - ECG - Troponin I & T - Myoglobin - CKMB - CRP - Magnesium / Potassium |
| MI Interventions | - Oxygen - Morphine / Aspirin - Thrombolytics - Vasodilators - Nitrates - Beta Blockers - Antiarrhythmics |
| MI Patient Education | - Bedrest - Glucose Control - Daily Weight - Low sodium; Low Fat; Low Cholesterol Diet - Clear liquid diet - No caffeine / Stimulation |
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Risk Factors | - Atherosclerosis - Hypertension - Smoking - Trauma - Congenital Abnormalities |
| Pre Load | Volume into ventricle |
| After Load | Resistance |
| DYE Testing | - Monitor/Ask for allergies (shellfish, Iodine - IV Contrast - Check BUN / Creatinine levels |
| Hyperkalemia | - Too much potassium in the blood - > 5.5 mEq/L |
| Hyperkalemia S & S | - Initially none until severe - Muscle Pain / Weakness / Numbness - Anxiety - Palpitations / Dysrhythmia's - Decreased BP - Decreased Urine Output |
| Hypokalemia | - Too little potassium in the blood - 2.5 - 3 mEq/L |
| Hypokalemia S & S | - Cardiac Arrest - Muscle weakness - Myalgia - Tremor - Intestinal Motility - Constipation - HR too slow |
Created by:
Cgannon12
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