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N126-U3-I. MI/CHF #3
Dobrisky-Cardiac Module: potential complications
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Which dysrhythmia is most common? | Premature ventricular contractions |
What do PVCs cause? | electrical instability in the heart |
Which dysrhythmias could be lethal? | Asystole & ventricular tachycardia |
Why is asystole lethal? | no heart beat |
Why is Ventricular tachycardia lethal? | can lead to ventricular fibrillation |
Why is Ventricular fibrillation lethal? | no effective cardiac perfusion |
why does CHF occur after some MIs? | Mi causes muscle damage and the heart is no longer able to pump sufficiently |
Patients with pump failure, hypovolemia, arrhythmias and pain are at greatest risk for what condition? | cardiogenic shock |
Anxiety, fear, weakness, dyspnea, shortness of breath, drop in BP, increased central venous pressure, mental confusion, decreased UO, pallor and cyanosis all are symptoms of what? | cardiogenic shock |
A patient exhibiting mental confusion, decreased UO, shortness of breath and fear may be experiencing what condition? | cardiogenic shock |
What conditions within shock should be treated? | pump failure, hypovolemia, arrhythmias and pain |
How do you treat pump failure associated with shock? | cardiac glycosides, cardiotonics, sympathomimetics |
Cardiac glycosides are used to treat what part of shock? | pump failure |
Cardiotonics are used to treat what part of shock? | pump failure |
sympathomimetics are used to treat what part of shock? | pump failure |
Fluids are given to treat what condition contributing to shock? | hypovolemia |
Drugs, cardioversion and CPR are used to treat what condition associated with shock? | arrhythmias |
Analgesics are given to treat what condition associated with shock? | pain |
Why is the MI patient at risk for pulmonary embolism (PE)? | a thrombus in the heart could travel to the lungs |
Development of a DVT post MI could turn into... | PE |
How should PE be viewed? | as an emergency |
How should PE be treated? | oxygen and anticoagulation |
How can PE be prevented? | rapid response to an MI and treatment with anticoagulation |
Some patients develop chronic congestive heart failures as a result of what three conditions? | longstanding HTN, CAd or after acute MI |
How is chronic heart failure treated? | oral drugs, diet and exercise |
What is systolic failure? | diminished output of blood from the ventricles |
Diminished output of blood from the ventricles is called what? | systolic failure |
Stiffened ventricles that do not allow adequate myocardial filling is called? | diastolic failure |
Diastolic failure is associated with a problem in output or filling? | filling |
Systolic failure is associated with a problem in output or filling? | output |
Stretching and lengthening of the myocardial muscle is referred to as | ventricular dilation |
A result of the myocardium working against increased preload and afterload is | ventricular hypertrophy |
Tachycardia, ventricular dilation and ventricular hypertrophy are all considered to be | cardiac compensatory mechanisms |
List 3 body systems that help with homeostatic compensation | Vascular system, kidneys, liver |
How does the vascular system help with homeostatic compensation? | SNS releases epinephrine resulting in vasoconstriction |
How do the kidneys help with homeostatic compensation? | vasoconstriction and low CO decrease the kidney perfusion |
How does the Liver help with homeostatic compensation? | venous blood volume increases resulting in congestion of the liver and decrease in liver function. |