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Geo ch.13
Urban Patterns - Defining a City and Urban Models
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| central city | an urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit known as a municipality |
| metropolitan statistical area (MSA) | measures the functional area of an urban settlement – created by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to reflect the extensive area of economic and cultural influence of settlements |
| MSA encompasses | urban area with pop. of at least 50,000, the county within which the city is located, adjacent counties with high pop. density and large % of people working in the central city's county |
| micropolitan statistical area (μSA) | includes an urbanized area of between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the county in which it is located, and adjacent counties tied to the city |
| core based statistical area (CBSA) | any one MSA or μSA (938 as of 2018, including the 392 MSAs and the 546 μSAs) |
| combined statistical area (CSA) | two or more contiguous CBSAs tied together by commuting patterns (175 as of 2018) |
| urban area | consists of a central city and its surrounding built-up suburbs |
| urbanized area | an urban area with at least 50,000 inhabitants |
| urban cluster | an urban area with between 2,500 and 50,000 inhabitants |
| megalopolis | a collection of adjacent or overlapping metropolitan areas that merge into a continuous urban region |
| Jean Gottmann | geographer who applied the term Megalopolis to the continuous urban area in NE US from Boston to south of DC |
| US urban complexes | southern Great Lakes (Milwaukee to Pittsburgh) and southern California (Los Angeles to Tijuana) |
| central business district (CBD) | the area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered |
| the 100 percent corner | large department stores would cluster near one intersection called this |
| skyscrapers | the first ones built in Chicago in the 1880s, made possible by several inventions - the elevator, steel girders, and tempered glass |
| concentric zone model | a city grows outward from a central area in a series of concentric rings |
| Ernest Burgess | created the concentric zone model in 1923 |
| 5 rings of concentric zone model | 1. central business district, 2. zone of transportation, 3. zone of independent workers' homes, 4. zone of better residences, 5. commuter's zone |
| sector model | a city develops in a series of sectors |
| Homer Hoyt | created the sector model in 1939 |
| multiple nuclei model | a city is a complex structure that includes a CBD as well as other centers around which activities occur |
| Chauncey Harris and Edward Ullman | created the multiple nuclei model in 1945 |
| node | central points in the city - ex. a port, neighborhood business center, university, airport, and park |
| multiple nuclei theory | states that some activities are attracted to particular nodes, whereas others try to avoid them - ex. heavy industry and high-class housing rarely exist in the same place |
| galactic (or peripheral) model | an urban area consists of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and service nodes or nuclei tied together by a beltway or ring road |
| Chauncy Harris | helped create the multiple nuclei model and created the galactic (or peripheral) model in 1960 as a modification of the nuclei model |
| edge cities | the nodes of consumer and business services around the beltway |
| social area analysis | the study of where people of varying living standards, ethnic background, and lifestyle live within an urban area |
| census tracts | urban areas in the US are divided into these, each contain approximately 5,000 residents and correspond, where possible, to neighborhood boundaries |
| blocks | a collection of several dozen houses - 4 streets in urban areas |
| block group | a collection of several neighboring blocks |
| CBDs in Europe | more people live downtown - more daily consumer services - most prominent buildings are churches/royal places - contain business/professional services - rents are higher |
| Kubla Khan | founder of the Yuan Dynasty, constructed a new city called Dadu beginning in 1264 |
| Dadu | the name for early Beijing, constructed during the Yuan Dynasty by Kubla Khan |
| Qionghua Island | the heart of Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty, 3 palaces built here in the middle of Taiye Lake |
| Forbidden City and Temple of Heaven | built during the Ming Dynasty, replaced the imperial palace |
| Beijing | means "Northern Capital," got its name during the Ming Dynasty in 1403 |
| Laws of the Indies | all Spanish cities in Latin America were built according to this, which was drafted in 1573 |
| Fès (Fez), Morocco | example of a city that consists of two separate and distinct nodes - a precolonial city that existed before the French gained control and one built by the French colonialists |
| Medinah | a marketplace/the commercial core of the precolonial Islamic city, which was laid out surrounding a mosque with this as the center |
| Saigon, Vietnam | was a French colonial city but is now Ho Chi Minh City, was built by completely demolishing the existing city without leaving a trace |
Created by:
imr36093
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