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Europe Vocabulary

TermDefinition
Fjord A long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between steep slopes.
Peat Partially decayed plant matter found in bogs.
Massif Central The uplands of France, which account for about one-sixth of French lands.
North Atlantic Drift A current of warm water from the ​ ​Tropics.
Sirocco A hot, steady south wind that blows from North Africa across the Mediterranean Sea into southern Europe, mostly in spring.
Mistral A cold, dry wind from the north.
Dike An earthen bank used to direct or prevent the passage of water.
Polder Land that is reclaimed from the sea or other body of water by diking and drainage.
Seaworks Structure used to control the sea’s destructive impact on human life.
Terpen High earthen platforms used in seaworks.
Zuider Zee Former inlet of the North Sea in the Netherlands.
Ijsselmeer A freshwater lake separated from the North Sea by a dike and bordered by polders.
Roman Catholicism Major branch of Christianity, centered in Rome.
Renaissance A time of renewed interest in learning and the arts that lasted from the 14th through 16th centuries; it began in the Italian city-states and spread north to all of Europe.
Eastern Orthodoxy Major branch of Christianity, also called Greek Orthodoxy.
Christianity Religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth.
Crusades A series of wars launched by European Christians in 1096 to capture the Holy Land (Palestine) from Muslims.
Reformation A movement in Western Europe beginning in 1517, when many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches; this led to mutual hostility and religious wars that tore apart Europe.
Protestant Major branch of Christianity, which began during the Reformation with protests against practices of the Roman Catholic Church.
Berlin Wall A wall erected by East Germany in 1961 to cut the ​​​​capital of Berlin in two, and later dismantled in 1989.
Holocaust The Nazi program of mass murder of European Jews during World War II.
Euro A common currency proposed by the European Union for its member nations.
Parliament A representative lawmaking body whose members are elected or appointed and in which legislative and executive functions are combined.
Nordic Countries Countries of northern Europe, including Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.
Balkanization The process of breaking up a region into small, ​​​​mutually hostile units.
Anti-Semitism Discrimination against Jewish people.
Satellite Nation A nation dominated by another country.
Market Economy A type of economic system in which production of goods and services is determined by the demand from consumers. Also called a demand economy or capitalism.
Created by: LL4ND0NN
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