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thermoregulation

pathophysiology NUR 304

QuestionAnswer
What mechanism is used to regulated our core temperature? thermoregulation
What is gland that regulates our body temperature? hypothalamus
What is it called when our body temperature is within normal range? normothermia
What is the normal range for body temperature? 36.6 C-38 C; 97.7 F-100.4 F
What is a thermoreceptor? Helps maintain our core temperature. They produce multiple responses like; vasoconstriction and shivering to help generate heat, and diaphoresis and vasodilation to help us cool down.
How can we conserve heat in our bodies? vasoconstriction, piloerection, shivering BMR increase, and brown fat
Describe conduction It is when warmer skin touches a cooler surface.
Describe an example of conductive heat loss When a patient is laying on a cold examining table.
Describe convection The removal of heat from the skin due to air currents
Describe an example of convection heat gain When a patient uses a heater to warm up.
Describe an example of convection heat loss When a patient uses a fan or is actively submerged in water.
Describe radiation electromagnetic energy exchange
Describe an example of radiant heat loss When a patient uses a hat to shade themeselves from the sun
Describe an example of radiant heat gain When a patient stands outside to warm up from the sun
Describe evaporation vaporization from the liquid on the skin
Describe an example of evaporation heat loss When a patient is exercising and the sweat on their skin dries up
What are the thermoregulation behavior controls? Exercising, seeking shelter, adjusting clothing, and adapting to your surroundings
What is it called when our bodies reach a temperature that is less than 35 C or 95 F: hypothermia
How can hypothermia be classified? Either a mild or profound heat loss in which the body’s mechanisms fail to regulate our core temperature at the desired range required to maintain our life-sustaining body functions.
What is some CM of mild hypothermia? hypertension, tachycardia, shivering, vasoconstriction, hyperventilation, cyanosis, joint pain, agitation, and confusion
What is some CM of moderate hypothermia? At this point you are no longer shivering, Respiratory acidosis, shallow breathing, hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, delirium, muscle rigidity, hyperactive reflexes, and decreased LOC
What is some CM of Severe/Deep hypothermia? Lactic acidosis, erythema, edema, decreased CO, thready or undetectable pulse, fatal cardiac dysrhythmias, decreased reflexes, pupil dilation, and fixed unconsciousness
What is some CM of profound hypothermia? Your survival is unlikely at this point, so ECMO may be needed; this is a machine that helps bypass your organs to keep your blood profused, Respiratory and Metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, and asystole aka flatline; ceased activity of your heart
What are the four systemic effects of a cold? Bradycardia, LOC, and renal failure
What is frostbite? It is a complication of hypothermia that causes cell death from cold exposure and tissue necrosis from progressive dermal ischemia
What are the different stages of frostbite? Red: a first stage that is like a sunburn on the skin White: aka lax and this is when your skin starts to blister up. It can fall off and even heal okay Blue/Black: the actual painful part, the tissue is starting to die
What is therapeutic hypothermia: hypothermia can be used for medical treatment. It helps stop the spread of ischemia and can be used for cardiac bypass surgery, MI, cerebral ischemia, strokes, trauma, and birth injuries
What is hyperthermia? When our body temperature is greater than 38.3C; 101 F as a result of an unregulated rise in core temperature. This is outside of the hypothalamus’ control
What is the earliest sign of hyperthermia? Heat stress. This is when your hypothalamus starts to dysfunctional or is unable to regulate temperature
What is some CM of hyperthermia? Excessive diaphoresis, tachypnea, tachycardia
What is the set point of heat exhaustion? 38.3 F; 101F
What is some CM of heat exhaustion? Heavy diaphoresis, dizziness, nausea, heat cramps, syncope, bradycardia, and weakness
What is the set point of a heat stroke? 40C; 104F
What is some CM of heat stroke? You're not sweating at this point, flushed dry skin, confusion, altered state of consciousness, hypotension, bradycardia, seizures, delirium, brain damage, and cardiorespiratory collapse
What is Fever? When our body temperature gets above 38 C; 100.4 F as a result of an infectious or inflammatory process
What controls the increase of pyrogens? hypothalamus
What are pyrogens? substances that can produce fever
What are some CM of fever? Fatigue, muscle aches, and headache
What is used to treat a fever? Any anti-pyrogenic medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen
What are the stages of fever? Chills, plateau, and breaking the fever
What is malignant hyperthermia? When your core body temperature increases due to medical treatment like inhaled anesthetics or succinylcholine
What causes malignant hyperthermia? If an individual has the genetic mutation of the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RYR!) gene, this causes a reaction with certain anesthetics received. This leads to uncontrolled heat production.
What is the antidote for malignant hyperthermia? Dantrolene
Who is at risk for altered thermoregulation? Cognitive impairment, drug and alcohol impairment, athletics; water/ice/snow sports, exertion in the heat, homeless, individuals with inadequate shelter, elderly, neonates, preemies, low birth weight babies, and babies with birth asphyxia
Created by: keiondraharden
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