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Chapter 12
Glaciation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many years ago was the Ice age | About 14,000 years ago, the climates of countries such as Ireland became much colder. |
| what did snow turn into in upland areas | Snow turned to solid ice in upland areas |
| what was ice that moved to lowland areas because of gravity as great rivers of ice called | glaciers |
| what happend when two glaciers joined together | an Ice Sheet was formed |
| how much of the earths surface was covered last Ice age | almost one-third of the earth’s surface was covered in ice. |
| name two processes of erosion by moving Ice | Plucking and Abrasion |
| explain Plucking | as ice moves it creates friction which creates heat this heat causes the base of the glacier to melt the meltwater flows into cracks in rocks the water refreezes around the rocks and sticks to the glacier. when the ice moves forward again it plucks it out |
| explain abrasion | plucked rocks become embedded in the base of the glacier, as the glacier moves the rocks abrade (scrape and smooth) the surface over which they pass |
| name the features of glacial erosion (there's 8) | 1. glaciated valley. 2. cirques. 3. Tarn. 4. Pyramidal Peak. 5. Arête. 6. Paternoster lakes. 7. Truncated spur. 8. Hanging Valley |
| Be able to describe the formation of a cirque | Snow collects in a mountain hollow high up in the mountain. With repeated snowfalls, the snow compacts to form ice. A glacier is born. Through plucking and abrasion, the hollow grows deeper. Freeze-thaw action is also at work here. |
| Be able to describe the formation of a cirque part 2 | When the glacier is big enough, it begins to flow over the edge of the cirque. It then begins its journey down the valley .When the glacier melts, a lake called a tarn may be trapped in the cirque hollow. |
| Be able to describe the formation of a cirque part 3 | When two cirques form back to back, the ridge between them is known as an arête. |
| What are the ways of transport and deposition by moving Ice | Suprglacial Englacial Subglacial |
| describe each of the transportation methods | Suprglacial= On the surface of the Ice Englacial= Within the Ice Subglacial= Underneath the Ice |
| name the features of glacial deposition and meltwater (there's 5) | 1. Terminal Moraine. 2. Drumlin. 3. Erratic. 4. Esker. 5. Outwash Plain |
| Describe the formation of a drumlin | Glacial ice deposits boulder clay in irregular heaps. The ice retreats and then advances again. This time it shapes and smooths the boulder clay into rounded oval-shaped hills. |
| Describe the formation of a drumlin part 2 | The steep slope of the drumlin is the direction from which the ice advanced. The gentle is the direction in which the ice was travelling. |
| Name the three impacts of Glaciation | Agriculture – Forestry Tourism Turlough Hill and Hydroelectricity |
| Explain the Agriculture | Glaciation created steep topography and removed rich soil cover in upland areas. Forestry provides employment, both directly and indirectly, for many local people. |
| Explain tourism | Wicklow Mountains National Park attracts over one million visitors every year. Attractions include walking, fishing, flora and fauna. |
| Explain the Hydroelectricity | Glacial lakes provide natural reservoirs for the generation of hydroelectric power. Turlough Hill is the central control point for all hydroelectricity generation throughout Ireland. |
Created by:
JMahango
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