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1010 Unit 3
Nicholas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Dialysis | the passage of a solute through a membrane. The process of diffusing blood across a semipermeable membrane to remove toxic materials and to maintain F&E and acid-base balance |
| Trendelenburg position | The patient's head is low and the body and legs are on an elevated and inclined plane. |
| Dysuria | Painful or difficult urination |
| Renal Colic | Pain, most commonly felt in the flank, lower abdomen and groin |
| Autonomic Dysreflexia | The state in which a person with a spinal cord injury at T7 or above experiences a life-threatening unihibited sympathetic response of the nervouse system to a noxious stimulus. |
| 80% of UTIs | E. coli |
| 80% of stones | Calcium |
| Azotemia | Presence of increased amounts of nitrogenous waste products. esp urea |
| UTI (meds) | Sulfonamides, Nitrofurantoin, Fluoroquinolones and Levofloxican |
| Sulfonamides | Trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole |
| Sulfonamides (def.) | Are competitive inhibitors |
| Trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole (def) | Are competitive inhibitors |
| Nitrofurantoin | Furadantin, Macrodantin and Macrobid |
| Nitrofurantoin (def) | Anitbiotic used to treat UTI, damages bacterial DNA |
| Furadantin | Anitbiotic used to treat UTI, damages bacterial DNA |
| Macrodantin | Anitbiotic used to treat UTI, damages bacterial DNA |
| Macrobid | Anitbiotic used to treat UTI, damages bacterial DNA |
| Fluoroquinolones | Ciprofloxican (Cipro) |
| Fluoroquinolones (def) | broad spectrum antibiotic, prevents DNA synthesis |
| Ciprofloxican (Cipro) (def) | broad spectrum antibiotic, prevents DNA synthesis |
| Levofloxican | Levaquin |
| Levofloxican (def) | antibiotic for both Gram +/-, inhibits DNA gyrase |
| Levaquin (def) | antibiotic for both Gram +/-, inhibits DNA gyrase |
| Thiazide | Hydrochlorothizide (Hydrodiuril) |
| Thiazide (def) | Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal tubules |
| Hydrochlorothizide (Hydrodiuril)(def) | Inhibits the kidneys ability to retain water |
| Allopurinal (def) | is an enzyme inhibitor used for uric acid stones |
| 1 lbs | 500mL |
| Loop Diuretics | Furosemide (Lasix), Edecrin and Bumetanide (Bumex) |
| Furosemide (Lasix)(def) | Inhibits the action in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle |
| Edecrin (def) | Inhibits the action in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle |
| Bumetanide (Bumex) | Inhibits the action in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Used when the body does not react to Lasix |
| Spironolactone (Aldactone) | inhibits the effect of aldosterone by competing for receptors in the distal convoluted tubule cells. |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | Measures urea. Increased levels may result from dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, digested blood, or prerenal/renal failure |
| Serum Creatinine | Used to diagnose kidney dysfunction. When 50% or more nephrons are destroyed, serum creatinine levels rise |
| Routine Urinalysis (UA) | Examination of the constituents of a sample to establish baseline. Aids in diagnosis and results of treatments. Provide clean specimen cup. Assess meds, fluid status, and foods. |
| Urine Culture (Midstream, clean-catch) | Performed to identify causative organism of a UTI. Reading or >100K indicate infection. Provide sterile cup. Clean meatus and surrounding area. |
| Residual Urine (postvoiding residual urine) | Measures the amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding. Have patient void and immediatly cath. |
| Portable Ultrasonic Bladder Scan | Obtians info on residual urine. |
| Creatinine Clearance | 24 hr urine to identify renal function. Norm is 85-135/min. Assess meds. |
| Uroflowmetry | Measures the volume of urine per second. Ask the client to increase in fluid intake and refrain from voiding to start with a full bladder. They will urinate into a funnel. |
| Cystometrogram (CMG) (voiding cystogram) | Evaluate bladder capacity and neuromuscular functions of the bladder, urethral pressure and causes of bladder dysfunction. Norm is urge >150mL, Full >300mL. Inform client of how the procedure works. |
| Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) | Allows to visualize the urinary tract for abnormalties. Assess pt understanding, schedule prior to barrium, ask for allergies, signed consent, renal and fluid status, baseline VS. |
| Retrograde Pyelogram | Done to evaluate the structure of the ureters and kidney pelvis. Same care as IVP. |
| Renal Arteriogram or Angiogram | Done to visualize renal blood vessels to detect abnormalties. Assess for allergies and perform pre and post care. |
| Cystoscopy (cystogram) | Direct visualization of bladder and urethral walls. Assess knowledge, signed consent, administer meds. Burning may be present. |
| Renal Ultrasound | noninvasive test to detect renal or periral masses. |
| CT scan of kidneys | Evaluates kidney size, tumors, abscesses. Assess client for allergies and pt must be NPO for 4 hrs. |
| MRI of the kidneys | Visualize the kidneys via radiofrequency waves and changes in the magnetic field. Remove all metal. If metal cannot be removed, test cannot be performed. |
| Renal Scan | Evaluate kidney blood flow, location size and shape. To assess for perfusion and urine production. Pt to drink several glasses of water prior to test. Obtain wt and have client void. Increase intake after test. |
| Renal Biopsy | To obtain tissue to diagnose and monitor kidney disease. Informed consent, NPO, Hemaglobin and hemocrit before test. Monitor VS closely. |
| Pyuria | Pus in the urine. Evidence of renal or bladder disease. |
| Erythropoietin | A cytokine made by the kidneys that stimuoates the proliferation of red blood cells. |
| Proliferation | Rapid and repeated reproduction of new parts as by cell division. |
| Hydronephrosis | Stretching of the renal pelvis as a result of obstruction to urinary flow. |
| Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | Non progressive, prostate proliferation of normal cells in the normal tissue arrangment. |
| Glomerulonephritis | Lesions involve primarily the glomeruli. |
| Ototoxicity | Hearing loss may be irreversible |
| Nephrotoxicity | Oliguria may lead to kidney damage |
| High Calcium Foods | Beans, Chocolate, Dried fruits, canned/smoked fish (NOT TUNA) flour or milk products |
| High Oxalate Foods | Asparagus, Beer, Colas, Beets, Cabbage, Celery, Chocolate, Fruits, Green Beans, Nuts, teas and tomatoes |
| Purine-Rich foods | Goose, organ meats, sardines/herring, venison, (Mod. Amount: beef, chicken, crab, pork, salmon, veal) |
| Acidifying foods | Cheese, cranberries, eggs, grapes, meat & poultry, plums, prunes, tomatoes, whole grains |
| Alkalinizing foods | Green vegetables, fruit, milk products, rhubarb |
| Cause for obstruction: Kidney pelvis | Calculi, Polycystic kidney disease, infection and scarring |
| Cause for obstruction: Ureters | Calculi, Scarring, Strictures, Pregnancy, Tumors, lymph node enlargement |
| Cause for obstruction: Bladder | Neurogenic bladder, tumors, calculi and other foreign bodies |
| Cause for obstruciton: Urethra | Benign prostatic hypertrophy, Tumors, scarring, strictures and Trauma |
| Cystitis | Inflammation of the bladder |
| Pylonephritis | Acute inflammation of the renal pelvis. / Chronic infection of kidney |
Created by:
Mercy Student
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