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cancer chapter
definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alopecia | hair loss |
| anaplasia | cells that lack normal cellular characteristics and differ in shape and organization with respect to their cells of origin; usually, anaplastic cells are malignant |
| apoptosis | programmed cell death |
| benign | not cancerous; benign tumors may grow but are unable to spread to other areas. |
| biologic response modifier (BRM) therapy | use of agents or treatment methods that can alter the immunologic relationswhip between the tumor and the host to provide a therapeutic benefit |
| anaplasia | are cells that do not have normal cellular characteristics/composition and differ in their shape and organization as opposed to their cells of origin; usually anaplastic cells are malignant (cancerous). |
| biopsy | is a diagnostic procedure to remove a small sample of tissue to be examined microscopically to detect malignant cells. It is a definitive way to dx cancer (CA), is essential to accurately identify types of cells and tissue for correct therapy. |
| 3 types of biopsy are | excisional, incisional, and needle |
| excisional biopsy | most frequently used for tumors that are easily accessible, such as the skin, breast and upper or lower GI and upper respiratory tracts. Usually removes entire tumor ans surrounding marginal tissues, to decrease possible recurrence of the tumor |
| incisional biopsy | performed if the tumor mass is too large to be entirely removed. A wedge of tissue from the tumor is removed to be analyzed by the patologist. |
| needle biopsy | performed to sample suspicious masses in tissue that are easily accessible, such as breasts, thyroid, lung, liver and kidney |
| brachytherapy | delivery of radiation therapy. Radioactive seeds are implanted directly into a cavity to deliver a concentrated dose of radiation. |
| cancer | is a disease process where cells proliferate (reproduce)abnormally, ignoring growth-regulating signals in the environment surrounding cells. |
| carcinogenesis | is the process of transforming normal cells into malignant cells |
| chemotherapy | is the use of medication to kill tumor cells by interfereing with cellular functions and reproductions |
| control | containment of the growth of cancer cells |
| cure | the prolonged survival and disappearance of all evidence of disease so that the pt. has the same life expentancy as anyone else in his/her age group |
| cytokines | substances produced by cells of the immjune system to enhance production and functioning of components of the immune system |
| dysplasia | bizarre cell growth that results in cells that are different in size, shape or organization from other cells of the same type of tissue. Precancerous lesions. |
| extravasation | is the leakage of medication from the veins into the surrounding subcutaneous tissues |
| grading | is the identification of the tpye of tissue from which the tumor originated and the degree to which the tumor cells retain the functional and structural characteristics of the tissue of origin |
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roppnstopp
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