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ANS Physiology

UTHSCSA N3312 ANS Physiology and Drug Basics

QuestionAnswer
System that maintains homeostasis by regulating heart, secretory glands, and smooth muscle Autonomic Nervous System
2 parts of the ANS SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System) and PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System)
What response is the SNS responsible for? Fight or Flight response
What is the main neurotransmitter of the SNS? norepinephrine
From where is norepinepherine released? postganglionic adrenergic fibers of the SNS and the adrenal medullae as a neurohormone
What type of receptors are in the SNS? adrenergic receptors (alpha 1,2 & Beta 1, 2) and dopaminergic receptors
What enzyme(s) metabolizes norepinepherine? MAO and COMT
What response is the PNS responsible for? rest/digest, feed/breed
What is the main neurotransmitter of the PNS? acetylcholine
For what system is norepinepherine the main neurotransmitter SNS
For what system is acetylcholine the main neurotransmitter PNS
From where is acetylcholine released? preganglionic cholinergic fibers in both the PNS and SNS and postganglionic fibers of the PNS
What type of receptors are in the PNS? cholinergic receptors
What are the two types of cholinergic receptors? nicotinic and muscarinic
What NT does MAO metabolize? norepinepherine
What NT does COMT metabolize? norepinepherine
What NT does acetylcholinesterase metabolize? acetylcholine
What enzyme(s) metabolizes acetylcholine? acetylcholinesterase
What NT acts on adrenergic receptors? norepinepherine and epinephrine as a neurohormone
What NT acts on cholinergic receptors? acetylcholine
What NT acts on nicotinic receptors? acetylcholine
What NT acts on muscarinic receptors? acetylcholine
What NT acts on dopaminergic receptors? dopamine
What NT acts on Alpha receptors? norepinepherine and epinephrine as a neurohormone
What NT acts on Beta receptors? norepinepherine and epinephrine as a neurohormone
What are the two types of adrenergic receptors? Alpha and Beta receptors
Where are NT’s formed? in neuron
Where are NT’s stored? in vesicles in nerve endings
What triggers NT’s released into the synapse? electrical impulse in nervous system
What is a first messenger? the NT that first binds with the receptor in the affected cell
What does the first messenger do? binds with receptor on outside of cell and initiates a second messenger to conduct the message in cell
What is the second messenger? a chemical that is created by the binding of a first messenger NT to a cell receptor and carries the message to cell structures to affect a change
What messenger (first or second) conducts the signal in the cell? second
What messenger (first or second) conducts the signal to the cell? first
What happens to a NT after it has sent its message? it is released back into the space between the cell and neuron and taken back up by the nerve ending or metabolized by an enzyme
What 4 things must one understand to know the effect(s) of a nervous system drug? 1.types of receptors in target tissue; 2.effect of receptor activation; 3.will it enhance or inhibit activation; 4.effect of drug on other organs/tissues with same receptors
What are the classes of drugs that effect the peripheral nervous system called? adrenergics, antiadrenergics, cholinergics, and anticholinergics
What are the classes of drugs that effect the central nervous system called? CNS stimulants or depressants
What system do adrenergics and antiadrenergics effect? peripheral nervous system
What system do cholinergics and anticholinergics effect? peripheral nervous system
What are the 4 actions of neuro drugs? 1.affect NT synthesis (increase or decrease); 2.interfere with NT storage; 3.promote/inhibit NT release; 4.block NT reuptake or prohibit breakdown
What does a sympathomimetic drug do? produce effects (mimics) stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
What does an adrenergic drug do? produces effects that mimic the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
What is another word for sympathomimetic? adrenergic
What is another word for adrenergic? sympathomimetic
What does an antiandrenergic drug do? produce effects that mimic the inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system
What does an sympatholytic drug do? produce effects that mimic the inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system
What is another word for sympatholytic? antiadrenergic
What is another word for antiadrenergic? sympatholytic
What does a cholinergic drug do? produces effects that mimic stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system
What does a parasympathomimetic drug do? produces effects that mimic stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system
What are 3 other words for cholinergic? cholinomimetic, parasympathetic, parasympathomimetic
What does an anticholinergic drug do? produces effects that mimic the inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system
What does a parasympatholytic drug do? produce effects that mimic the inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system
What are 3 other words for parasympathomimetic? cholinergic, cholinomimetic, parasympathetic
What is another word for anticholinergic? parasympatholytic
What is another word for parasympatholytic? anticholinergic
What are the 2 major divisions of the nervous system? central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
What are the 2 major divisions of the peripheral nervous system? autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system
The ANS maintains homeostasis by regulating what 3 things? the heart, secretory glands, and smooth muscle
What is a ligand? the first messenger or NT that binds with the receptor
What is another word for “first messenger”? ligand
What is a selective neurotransmitter? NT that can only interact with a small number of receptor types (ex: beta-2 only)
What is a non-selective neurotransmitter? NT that can interact with many receptor types
Where are nicotinic receptors in the body? motor and skeletal muscle
Where are muscarinic receptors in the body? heart, GI tract, genitourinary system, eyes, respiratory system
Created by: dietrichl
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