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Chest Trauma

QuestionAnswer
How many deaths result from chest injuries? 25%
What injuries are included in chest trauma? Pulmonary contusion, rib fracture, flail chest, pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, hemothorax, tracheobronchial trauma.
What is a pulmonary contusion? A hemorrhage that occurs in and between alveoli.
What are the symptoms of a pulmonary contusion? Pt presents with hemoptysis, decreased breath sounds, crackles and wheezes.
What is the main goal of rib fractures? Decrease the pain to prevent atelectasis because the pt does not want to take a deep breath.
What is flail chest? Usually results from multiple rib fractures on ones side of the chest.
How does flail chest look? Inward movement of the thorax during inspiration and outward movement during expiration.
What is the death rate of flail chest? 40%
What are some examples of blunt chest trauma? MVA, Crash, and explosion.
What are some examples of penetration chest trauma? Knife, gunshots and sticks.
What is pneumothorax? Air in the pleural space.
What is closed pneumothorax? No associated external wound.
waht is open pneumothorax? Air enters pleural space through opening chest wall.
What is tension pneumothorax? Rapid accumulation of air causing severely high intrapleural pressures with tension on heart and great vessels.
What is hemothorax pneimothorax? Blood in intrapleural space.
What are so indications of pneumothorax? Reduced breath sounds, hyperresonance on percussion, decreased chest wall movement on affected side, deviation of trachea away or toward the affected side. Chest x-rays and chest tubes may be needed.
What is the assessment of tension pneumothorax? Thorax asymmetry, tracheal deviation, resp. distress, absense of breath sounds on affected side, distended neck veins and cyanosis.
What is an intervention for tension pneumothorax? Large bore needle inserted into 2nd intercostal space, then chest tube placement into 4th intercostal space.
What chest trauma shows blood on an CXR? Hemothorax.
How does hemothorax represent? Asymptomatic or may have respiratory distress.
What is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide? Lung cancer.
What is the purpose of a chest tube? To remove air and fluid from the pleural space and restore normal intrapleural pressure.
Created by: hlawrence59
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