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Maternity Exam 1
Chapter 3: A & P of Reproductive system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Internal Organs: | Vagina Uterus Uterine Ligaments Fallopian Tubes Ovaries Bony Pelvis Breasts |
| Vagina | The vagina is a highly muscular and distensible canal situated in front of the rectum and behind the bladder. It is a tubular, fibromuscular organ lined with mucous membrane that lies in a series of transverse folds called rugae. |
| Uterus | The uterus is an inverted, pear-shaped muscular organ at the top of the vagina. It lies behind the bladder and in front of the rectum and is anchored in position by eight ligaments, though it is not firmly attached or adherent to any part of the skeleton. A full bladder tilts the uterus backward; a distended rectum tilts it forward. It is the site of menstruation, receiving a fertilized ovum, development of the fetus during pregnancy, and contracting to help in the expulsion of the fetus and placenta |
| Uterine Ligaments | |
| Fallopian Tubes | The fallopian tubes, also known as oviducts, are hollow, cylindrical structures that extend 2 to 3 in from the upper edges of the uterus toward the ovaries. Each tube is about 7 to 10 cm long (4 in) and approximately 0.7 cm in diameter. The end of each tube flares into a funnel shape, providing a large opening for the egg to fall into when it is released from the ovary The fallopian tubes convey the ovum from the ovary to the uterus and sperm from the uterus toward the ovary. |
| Ovaries | The ovaries are a set of paired glands resembling unshelled almonds that are the organs of gamete production in the female. They are set in the pelvic cavity below and to either side of the umbilicus. They are usually pearl-colored, oblong, and have a lumpy surface. The development and the release of the ovum and the secretion of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone are the two primary functions of the ovary. The ovaries link the reproductive system to the body’s system of endocrine glands, |
| Bony Pelvis | The bony pelvis is a complex basin-shaped structure that comprises the skeletal framework of the pelvic region and houses the pelvic organs. It is usually divided into two separate anatomic regions: the pelvic girdle and pelvic spine. |
| Breasts | The two mammary glands, or breasts, are accessory organs of the female reproductive system that are specialized to secrete milk following pregnancy. They overlie the pectoralis major muscles and extend from the second to the sixth ribs and from the sternum to the axilla. Each breast has a nipple located near the tip, which is surrounded by a circular area of pigmented skin called the areola. Each breast is composed of approximately nine lobes (the number can range between four and 18), which contain glan |
| External Genitalia: | Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Urethral Meatus Vaginal vestibule Perineal body |
| Mons pubis | The mons pubis is the elevated, rounded, fleshy prominence made up of fatty tissue that overlays the symphysis pubis. The skin of this fatty tissue is covered with coarse, curly pubic hair after puberty. The pubis protects the symphysis pubis during sexual intercourse. mons |
| Labia majora | contains sweat and sebaceous glands; protects the vaginal opening |
| Labia minora | highly vascular and abundant in nerve supply; lubricates the vulva and swells with stimulation |
| Clitoris | small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves; function is sexual stimulation |
| Urethral Meatus | The urethral meatus is located below the clitoris in the midline |
| Vaginal vestibule | oval area enclosed by the labia minora laterally located inside the labia minora and outside the hymen |
| Perineal body | is a fibro-muscular structure located in the midline of the perineum. The perineal body helps strengthen the pelvic floor |
| Components of Female Reproductive System | Reproductive cells: eggs or ova Organ for development of the fetus: uterus |
| Components of the Male and | Reproductive cells: sperm Organ for deposit of the sperm: penis |
| The external female reproductive organs collectively are called the | Vulva: Protects urethra and vaginal openings Highly sensitive to touch to increase female’s pleasure during sexual arousal |
| Components of the vulva | Mons pubis Labia majora and minora Clitoris Vestibular structures Perineum |
| Prepuce | hood-like covering over the clitoris; also site of female circumcision practiced in some cultures |
| Opening into the vestibule | urethra from the urinary bladder, vagina, and two sets of glands |
| Opening into the vagina | introitus |
| Fourchette | half-moon area behind the opening |
| Glands | Bartholin and Skene glands secrete mucus to keep the opening moist |
| Endometrium | Innermost layer Lines the uterine cavity in nonpregnant women |
| Myometrium: muscular middle layer | Makes up the major portion of the uterus Composed of smooth muscle linked by connective tissue |
| Perimetrium | Outer serosal layer Covers the body of the uterus |
| Cervix: | The lower part of the uterus |
| Accessory organs | specialized for milk secretion after pregnancy |
| Accessory organs | Nipple Areola Lobes Alveolar and lactiferous glands |
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