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F & E imbalance

fluid and electrolyte imbalance for nursing

QuestionAnswer
Sodium (135-145) major electrolyte in ECF; helps maintain acid-base balance.
What electrolyte helps maintain the irritability and conduction of nerve and muscle tissue? Sodium
Potassium (3.5-5.0) major electrolyte of the ICF; helps maintain acid-base balance
What is important for the transmission of nerve impulses, functions of cardiac, lung, and muscle tissue? Potassium
Hyponatremia net gain or water or loss of sodium rich foods. It delays and slows depolarization of membranes.
What electrolyte imbalance causes water to move from ECF to ICF, causing swelling? Hyponatremia
risk factors for hyponatremia -low ECF volume -V/D, NG suctioning, tap water enemas-adrenal insufficiency, kidney dx, diuretics -burns, wound drainage, peripheral edema, ascites-excessive fluid drinking, SIADH (insufficient ADH)- excessive hypotonic IV fluids-heart failure, cirrhosis
signs and symptoms of hyponatremia VS:hypothermia, tachycardia, thready pules, hypotension Neuromusculo:headache, confusion, lethargy, muscle weakness. GI: increased motility, hyperactive bowel sounds, abdominal cramping, nausea
lab values for hyponatremia serum sodium <135 serum osmolarity <270 urine specific gravity < 1.003 urine osmolality <4.5
Nursing Interventions for client's at risk for Hyponatremia Daily body weight, I&O, monitor closely for anorexia, N/V and abd cramping, confusion, lethargy, musc twitching. Serum sodium levels must be monitored.
Nursing Interventions for client's with hyponatremia Encourage food/fluid high in sodium. If water retention is problem, safer to restrict fluids. Severe Hyponatremia-elevate sodium level enough to alleviate neuro s/s. Increased typically w/ hypertonic solution.
Administering fluids to patients with cardiovascular disease. nurse assess for signs of circulatory overload (cough, dyspnea, puffy eyelids, edema, weight gain in 24 hours). Lungs are auscultated for crackles.
Created by: 705757596
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