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White Ch 37 Muscskel
| Question | |
|---|---|
| Amputation | removal of all or part of an extremity |
| Arthroplasty | Replacement of both articular surfaces within a joint capsule |
| Bruxism | teeth grinding during sleep |
| Closed Reduction | Repair of a fracture done without surgical intervention |
| Contracture | Permanent shortening of a muscle |
| Crepitus | Grating or crackling sensation or sound |
| Diarthrosis | Freely movable joint |
| Dislocation | Injury in which the articular surfaces or a joint are no longer in contact |
| Fracture | Break in the continuity of a bone |
| Heberden's Nodes | Enlargement and characteristic hypertrophic spurs in the terminal interphalangeal finger joints |
| Kyphosis | Increased roundness of the thoracic spinal curve |
| Locomotor | Pertaining to movement or the ability to move |
| Lordosis | Exaggeration of the curvature of the lumbar spine |
| Open Reduction | Surgical procedure that enables the surgeon to reduce (repair) a fracture under direct visualization |
| Orthopedics | Branch of medicine that deals with the prevention or correction of the disorders and diseases of the musculoskeletal system |
| Osteoporosis | Increase in the porosity of bone |
| Parathesia | Abnormal sensation such as numbness or tingling |
| Phantom Limb Pain | Sensation of pain, soreness, and stiffness in an amputated limb |
| Scoliosis | Lateral curvature of the spine |
| Sprain | Injury to ligaments surrounding a joint caused by a sudden twist, wrench, or fall |
| Strain | Injury to a muscle or tendon due to overuse or overstretching |
| Subluxation | Partial separation of an articular surface |
| Synarthrosis | Immovable Joint |
| Toph | i Subcutaneous nodules of sodium urate crystals |
| Windowing | Cutting a hole in a plaster cast to relieve pressure on the skin or a bony area and to permit visualization of the underlying body part |
| Fascia | a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle |
| Tendons | tough connective tissue that joins skeletal muscles to bones |
| ligaments | fibrous tissue that connects bones to provide stability to joints |
| Greenstick | A fracture in which the bone is partially bent and partially broken; occurs in children |
| Closed Fracture | A break in the bone without penetration of the skin suface |
| Open Fracture | compound fracture; broken bone with an open wound |
| Impacted Fracture | fracture in which one broken end is wedged into the other broken end |
| Sprial Fracture | Fracture which twists around the bone, may occur from a twisting force |
| Comminuted Fracture | the bone is splintered, crushed, or broken into pieces, and smaller bone fragments lie between the two main fragments. This is the most difficult fracture to treat. |
| Complications of a Fracture | Infection, fat embolism syndrome, and compartment syndrome |
| Fat Embolism Syndrome | Associated with fractures of long bonesor crushing injuries. An embolus usually occurs within 24-72 hours but may occur up to a week after injury. Respiratory disorder caused by fat globules being freed from bone marrow and tissue that has been damaged |
| Rhabdomyolysis | crushing injuries - myoglobin, creatine kinase escape from injured muscle - rapid breakdown of muscle tissue - cause renal tubular obstruction |
| Compartment Syndrome | May lead to permanent injury, Is caused by pressure in an injured muscle from edema, either from confining fascia, or confining casts. Treatment consists of relieving pressure by removing cast or performing fasciotomy |
| Fasciotomy | Making an incision into the fibrous membrane covering a muscle, usually to relive pressure from an injured or swollen muscle. |
| Skeletal Traction | form of directly applying traction to a client's bones by surgically inserting metal pins or wires into the bones |
| Skin Traction | non-surgical method of providing necessary pull for shorter periods, Buck's traction..frequently used to temporarily immobilize a part or stabilize a fracture |
| Manual Traction | The process of applying tension to straighten and realign a fractured limb before splinting. Also called tension. |
| Steps of Bone Repair | 1. formation of a hematoma. 2. formation of a fibrocartilagenous callus. 3. formation of a bony callus. and 4. remodeling of the fracture. |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, with recurring inflammation involving the synovium or lining of the joints |
| Bursitis | inflammation of the bursa, the connective tissue structure surrounding a joint caused by arthritis, infection, injury, or excessive or traumatic exercise or effort. Sx are severe pain particularly with movement |
| Osteomyelitis | an inflammation of bone and bone marrow (usually caused by bacterial infection) |
| Osteoarthritis | Degenerative Joint Disease, considered a "wear and tear" disease and is characterized by slow and steady progressive breakdown of cartilage. Begins during middle age, Has Heberden's Nodes |
| Temporomandibular Joint Disease/Disorder | TMJ collection of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint and/or the muscles of mastication. Causes: trauma, stress, teeth clenching, bruxism, an joint diseases such as RA or osteoarthritis |
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | Painful inflammatory condition affects the carpal portion of the median nerve Often associated with repetitive actions Can be by trauma or hereditary inflammation of tendons around the nerve, disrupting hand function and resulting in numbness and pain |
| Gout | Metabolic disease of ineffective purine metabolism resulting in deposits of needlelike crystals of uric acid in connective tissue, joint spaces, or both. Tophi is a symptom |
| Lyme Disease | an infection caused by a bacteria carried by deer ticks and transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick; symptoms vary but may include a rash at the site of the bite and flulike symptoms such as fever, headache, joint pain, and fatigue |
| Amphiarthrosis | condition characterized by slightly movable joints such as the vertebrae |
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