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Fluid & Electrolytes

QuestionAnswer
What is hypovolemia? Abnormal loss of normal body fluids
What is hypervolemia? Abnormal retention of water & sodium
What are the risk factors for hypervolemia? Cirrhosis; Heart failure; Renal failure; Too much salt
What are the risk factors for hypovolemia? Diabetes Insipitus; Adrenal Insufficiency; Diuresis; Hemorrhage; Coma
What is orthopneic position? Version of high-fowlers; for patients who are SOB
Where is sodium found? Extracellular fluid.
Where is potassium found? Intracellular fluid.
How is fluid lost from the body? Skin; Lungs; Feces; Kidneys
What are the clinical manifestations of hypovolemia? Decreased BP; increased RR; Postural hypotension; Weak, rapid heart rate;Increased temperature; Dry mouth; thirst; Oliguria; concentrated urine; Decreased bowel sounds; Constipation; Decreased skin turgor; Flattened neck veins; Acute weight loss
What are the clinical manifestations of hypervolemia? Tachycardia; bounding pulse; Increased blood pressure; Decreased temperature; Edema; pitting edema; Distended neck veins; SOB; crackles; Increased weight; Increased urine output; HA; visual disturbances
What happens to the BUN level when a patient is hypervolemia? BUN decreased (diluted)
What happens to the HCT level when a patient is hypervolemia? HCT decreased (diluted)
When a patient is hypervolemic, is the urine NA+ level increased or decreased? Generally increased, but this depends on the cause of the hypervolemia.
What nursing interventions would you implement for a patient with hypervolemia? Monitor vital signs; Monitor lung sounds; Elevate HOB or Orthopneic position; Oxygen; Monitor I&O; Monitor daily weights; Monitor labs; administer diuretics as ordered; Restrict fluid & Na intake as ordered.
What nursing interventions would you implement for a patient with hypovolemia? Monitor vital signs; Monitor skin turgorMonitor oral cavity; Monitor I&O; Monitor daily weights; Mental functioning; Encourage PO fluids; Administer IVFs as ordered.
What nursing diagnoses would be appropriate for a patient with hypovolemia? Fluid volume, Deficient; Cardiac output, Decreased; (Potential complication: Hypovolemic shock); Oral Mucous Membrane, Impaired; Tissue Perfusion, Ineffective
What nursing diagnoses would be appropriate for a patient with hypervolemia? Excess fluid volume; Ineffective airway clearance; Skin Integrity, Risk for Impaired; Body Image, Disturbed; (Potential complications: pulmonary edema, ascites)
What happens to the BUN level when a patient is hypovolemia? BUN – elevated
What happens to the HCT level when a patient is hypovolemia? HCT – increased
What happens to the urine specific gravity when a patient is hypovolemia? Urine specific gravity increases (urine concentration)
What happens to the urine specific gravity when a patient is hypervolemia? Urine specific gravity decreases (urine diluted)
What is the normal value of urine specific gravity? 1.010-1.025
What is the normal value of BUN? 10-30 mg/dl
What is the normal value of creatinine? 0.5-1.5mg/dl
What does urine specific gravity measure? Urine concentration
What does the serum creatinine lab test measure? Renal function
What happens to serum creatinine levels when a patient suffers from hypovolemia? Increased
What does HCT measure? The amount of space (volume) red blood cells take up in the blood.
Created by: revderricott
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