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C Exam 5
Thermoregulation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is thermoregulation? | balance of heat production and heat loss |
| What is hyperthermia? | core body temperature of greater then 101F |
| What is hypothermia? | Core body temperature is less than 95F |
| What is defined as a fever? | temperature about 100.4F |
| What is normothermia? | core body temperature between 96.8-101.3 |
| What is conduction? | heat transfers from the body to another surface to lower temperature Ex. sitting on cold metal chair/table |
| What is convection? | heat transfers from the body by use of air/water currents when it travels across the skin Ex. fan blowing across skin |
| What is radiation? | heat loss without contact with an object. ex. a person with a fever sitting in a cool room |
| What is evaporation? | heat loss through water vapor ex. sweating while exercise |
| What creates energy/heat? | shivering basal metabolic rate immune response Stim SNS |
| What is responsible for maintaining core body temperature? | hypothalamus- stimulates heat loss or heat production |
| What modes of body temperature measurement are heavily effected by environment? | Axillary, Tympanic, Temporal |
| What is considered a core body temperature? | Esophageal, urinary bladder, rectal, pulmonary artery |
| What can effect a bladder temperature measurment? | decreased urine output |
| What kinds of patients would need to notify their provider if there temperature elevates or is low? | pts on chemo infants under 2 months |
| How long should a pt not eat or drink before taking an oral temp? | 20-30 minutes |
| What would consider a baby a newborn? | less than 28 days old |
| When does shivering start for a baby? | 6 months |
| Who can't have NSAIDs? | babies under 6 months |
| What can increase body temperature in adolescents? | hormonal changes increase body temperature |
| What can low temperature indicate in older adults? | sepsis |
| What can indicate a thermoregulation problem in older adults? | behavioral or mental changes |
| What is a fever considered? | controlled increase in temperature, hyperthermia |
| What is heat related illness considered? | uncontrolled increase in body temperature |
| What happens to the body during hyperthermia? | Vasodilation, increased metabolic rate, prespiration |
| What are some symptoms of heat exhaustion? | Pale Nausea Dizziness Fainting Vomiting Elevated Temp |
| What are some symptoms of heat stroke? | Loss of consciousness No sweat Coma Delirium Seizures Temp above 106 |
| Who is at risk for hyperthermia? | compromised immune system Newborns Older adults Being out in sun for sports work etc |
| What are some interventions for hyperthermia? | Cooled environment Promote rest Antipyretics Cool fluids Ice packs Cooling blanket Remove excess clothes/blankets |
| What medications are considered antipyretics? | acetaminophen and ibuprofen |
| What are some diagnostic testing for hyperthermia? | Infection(CBC culture imaging) Electrolyte imbalances Kidney function (BUN creatinine) Blood glucose (hypoglycemia) |
| What is induced hypothermia? | code cool to help decrease body metabolic rate and need for oxygen to promote healing |
| What happens when the body temperature falls below 82.4? | cell death |
| What happens to our body during hypothermia? | Vasoconstriction Slowed metabolic rate Decreased demand for oxygen Increase muscle activity (shivering) Cardiac irritability |
| What causes infarction and necrosis in frost bite? | vasoconstriction |
| What are the signs of frost bite? | numbness itching prickling red, cyanotic, white skin color stiffness burning pain as hypothermia improves edema blisters |
| What are risk factors for hypothermia? | Older adults (less SQ tissue) Immersion in cold water(body loses heat faster in water) lack of shelter/clothing/heat Newborns(immature thermoregulation) large surface burns |
| What are some interventions for hypothermia? | remove wet clothing warm environment limbs close to body heated oxygen warmed fluids heat packs head covering(esp newborns) cardiac monitoring |
| How should you rewarm someone? | slowly, it can be painful pain medication should be part of the rewarming process |
| What are some interventions for frostbite? | rapid rewarming in circulation pool for 20-30 mins analgesics and NSAIDs during rewarming process DO NOT rub or massage Bedrest with affected extremities elevated |
| What are some diagnostic tests for hypothermia? | CBC cultures imaging Rhabdomyolysis (CK) Cardiac function (EKG, cardiac enzymes) |
Created by:
cberna00
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