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Chapter 4 micro
Chapter Four Microbiology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Teichoic Acid consists of | glycerol, phosphates, and the sugar alcohol ribitol |
Cocci in pairs | diplococci |
Cocci in chains | streptococci |
rods in chains | lactobacillus |
cocci in clusters | staphylococci |
Prokaryote | no nucleus. single celled. all bacteria. singular chromosome. no histones. cell wall has peptidoglycan. |
Eukaryote | nucleus. single or multicellular. paired chromosome. histones. cell wall has cellulose, chitin. |
Peptidoglycan | aka murein |
Peptidoglycan | polymer made up of two alternating sugars N-acetlylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic |
Cell walls of gram positive organisms have an additional molecule called | techoic acid |
Function of Techoic Acid: | Attachment sites for bacteriophages, passageway for movement of ions |
Outer Membrane | found primarily in gram negative bacteria. |
Bilayer membrane containing porins and attached to peptidoglycan by an almost continuous layer of small protein molecules with the outer membrane containing antigens and receptors | Outer Membrane |
Lipopolysaccharide | aka endotoxin |
part of the outer membrane that can identify gram negative bacteria | Lipopolysaccharide |
The large surface to volume ratio allows prokaryotes to | get nutrients easily to all parts of the cell |
Single chromosome | prokaryote |
membrane bound nucleus | eukaryote |
endoplasmic reticulum | eukaryote |
respiratory enzymes in mitochondria | eukaryote |
mitosis | eukaryotes |
peptidoglycan in cell wall | prokaryote |
cilia | eukaryote |
80S ribosomes | eukaryote |
chloroplasts | eukaryote |
Bacteria | prokaryote |
Members of the Archaea and Bacteria domains are both prokaryotic and have similar structure but differ molecularly. T or F? | True |
Gram Positive | lack outer membrane, lack periplasmic space, lack lipopolysaccharide, have a thick peptidoglycan layer |
the association of endotoxin in gram negative bacteria is a result of the presence of | lipopolysaccharide |
the reason that bacterial cells are more resistant to osmotic shock than eukaryotic cells is | their cell wall of peptidoglycan |