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Unit 3 Study Guide

TermDefinition
Colonialism A policy based on the control of one country over another
Apartheid The South African policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race.
Nelson Mandela South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist. Served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. Country's first black head of state and first elected in a fully representative democratic election.
Primary Source First hand information from artifacts, diaries, etc
Direct Rule A system of government in which a colony is controlled by a central government.
Nationalism Feeling of strong pride for one's country,
Political Cartoon Cartoon that makes a point about a political issue or event.
Imperialism Extending a country's power and influence, usually through military force.
Colony A country or area under the political control of another country.
Middle Passage Trade route between Africa and the Americas (carried enslaved Africans).
5 political regions Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western, and Central
Africa 2nd biggest continent and rich in recources
Ghana First major kingdom. Lasted 800 years.
Mali Second major kingdom. Lasted approx. 430 years
Songhai Third (final) major West African kingdom. Only lasted about 100 years.
Taxes on gold and salt trade Made kingdoms rich and powerful
Mansa Musa King of Mali. Richest man who ever lived.
Kush/Nubia Known for making iron weapons
Axum Christianity spread throughout the kingdom.
Goods shipped to the Americas from Africa Slaves
Goods shipped to Africa from Europe Textiles, rum, and Manufactured goods
Goods shipped to Europe from the Americas. Sugar, tobacco, and cotton
Why did Europeans want to colonize Africa? Increase their wealth/power by taking African land & natural resources
What obstacles stopped the Europeans? Terrain - Challenging physical features made travel difficult. Disease - Many died of diseases like Malaria. Hostility- Africans fiercely resisted European conquest.
How did the Europeans overcome the obstacles? Railroads - Made travel across Africa easier and faster. Medicine - Drugs like quinine helped Europeans resist diseases. Better Weapons - New guns, especially Maxim machine gun.
Scramble For Africa European nations saw African continent as a source of limitless wealth and first come first serve mentality.
Berlin Conference Europeans meet in Berlin Germany in (November 1884 - February 1885) to peacefully decide how to colonize the African continent.
Ethiopia and Liberia Two African countries remained independent from European control
Factors that brought about Independence Rising costs for Europeans to control Africa. Africans helped Europeans in World War II - Wanted their own freedom afterwards. Nationalism - growing pride in being African Pan-Africanism - Global movement to make “Africa for Africans.”
Apartheid English Translation “Apartness” or “Separateness”
Why was Apartheid created? Created to keep economic and political power with people of European decent.
Laws separate South Africans into what four racial categories? Whites, Blacks, Coloreds (mixed race), Asians (mostly Indian).
Who controlled South Africa's government during Apartheid? White people
President F.W. DeKlerk begins to remove Apartheid laws in early 1990s due to global pressure.
Protest Leader Nelson Mandela wins 1994 election. Becomes first black South African President.
Are South Africa still rebuilding racial relations today? YES
Life for blacks has improved but still hasn’t changed much. Life for blacks has improved but still hasn’t changed much.
Created by: Evan_Studies
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