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Blood Clots
Nursing Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A blood clot believed to result from an endothelial injury, venous stasis, or hypercoagulability | Thrombus |
| A thrombus that is associated with inflammation and most commonly occurs in the deep veins of the lower extremities | Thrombophlebitis |
| The most common type of thrombophlebitis and may present a greater risk for PE | Deep vein thrombosis (thrombophlebitis) |
| Calf or groin tenderness and pain and sudden onset of unilateral swelling of the leg | Classic signs and symptoms of DVT |
| Pain in the calf on dorsiflexion of the foot. | Positive Homan's sign |
| Sitting or bedrest for prolonged periods, recent surgical procedures, or any factors that may affect coagulation. | Risk factors associated with VTE |
| This should be done on all patients on admission and whenever the clinical situation changes. | A VTE/DVT risk assessment |
| This organization provides accreditation for health care institutions. They collect data on areas such as VTE prophylaxis and management | The Joint Commission |
| This is a medical emergency that occurs when a dislodged blood clot travels to the pulmonary artery. | Pulmonary Embolism (PE) |
| Stasis of blood flow, endothelial injury, and/or hypercoagulability | Virchow triad |
| A noninvasive ultrasound that assesses the flow of blood through the veins of the arms and legs | Venous duplex ultrasonography |
| A global marker of coagulation activation and measures fibrin degradation products produced from fibrinolysis | D-Dimer |
| Noninvasive test is more useful in finding a DVT in the proximal deep veins and better than traditional venography in finding DVT in the inferior vena cava or pelvic veins. | MRI direct thrombus |
| Core measure assesses the number of patients who received VTE prophylaxis or have documentation regarding why no VTE prophylaxis was given | Core Measure VTE-1 VTE 2-ICU patient VTE 6-Going home patients |
| Class of drugs are the choice for actual DVT and for patients at risk for DVT and for patients at risk for DVT but are also known to cause medical complications and even death. | Anticoagulants |
| Nurses are required to do this if a client's aPTT value is greater than 70 seconds or an INR greater than 5 | Call the doctor and/or follow hospital protocol for reporting critical results |
| Signs and symptoms include hematuria, frank or occult blood in the stool, ecchymosis, petechiae, an altered LOC and pain | Signs and symptoms of bleeding |
| Patient education, leg exercises, early ambulation, adequate hydration, compression stockings, SCDs, and anticoagulant therapy | Interventions for those at moderate to high risk to prevent VTE |
| To prevent a DVT from dislodging and becoming an embolus, nurses should never perform this to an affected extremity | Massage (massage affected extremity) |
| Conventional IV treatment for DVT is often prescribed to prevent further clotting. Prior to administration a baseline prothrombin time (PT) and a PTT, and INR are required | UFH/Unfractionated Heparin Therapy |
| A surgical procedure for clot removal. | A thrombectomy. These foods are high in vitamin K and should be avoided while taking warfarin/coumadin |
| These foods are high in vitamin K and should be avoided while taking warfarin/coumadin | Dark, green leafy vegetables |
| Most patients taking warfarin should have this INR level to prevent future DVT and minimize the risk for stroke and/or hemorrhage. | INR level of 1.5 to 2.0 |
| This is a low molecular weight heparin that is administered subcutaneously it has a consistent action and is preferred for prevention and treatment of DVT. | Enoxaparin or Lovenox |
| Oral anticoagulant may be added to UFH to provide drug overlap. It inhibits vitamin K clotting factors and takes 3 to 4 days to reach therapeutic levels. | Warfarin therapy (Coumadin) |
| Clients with recurrent DVT or PE that do not respond to medical treatment and anticoagulation, this device is designed to trap emboli in the inferior vena cava before they progress to the lungs. | Inferior vena cava filter |
| Clients taking warfarin therapy should eat only small amounts of foods that are rich with this vitamin. | Vitamin K |
| This medication is the antidote for heparin (UFH) | Protamine sulfate |
| In a patient receiving anticoagulant therapy, a decreased blood pressure and increased pulse rate may indicate what possible complication? | Possible internal bleeding |
| Heparin | Anticoagulant used to treat PE and DVTS |
| Enoxaparin | Low molecular weight heparin used to treat PE and DVTS |
Created by:
salinarenteria
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