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Pharmacology_tp
Chapter 34
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The immune system is composed of ______ cells and multiple ________ production and storage sites | hematopoietic, hematologic-immunologic |
| The reticuloendothelial system includes immunologically active tissue and cells found in the lymph system, ___, ___, ___, GI tract, and brain. | spleen, liver, lungs |
| An integrated immune response involving hematopoietic cells and immune tissues provides the bodys ___ and ___ response to invasion by antigens identified as nonself. | nonspecific, specific |
| The essential components of the immune system are _____ cells, ____ defenses, the ___ immune response, the ____ immune response, and immunity. | hematopoietic,barrier, nonspecific, specific |
| What four abnormal conditions can weaken the immune system and stimulate the immune response? | neoplasms, viral invasion, autoimmune disease, transplant rejection |
| Neoplasms result from the growth of ___ cells | mutant |
| Viral invasion of a cell changes the cells ____ and _____ | membranes, antigenic presentation |
| In autoimmune disease, the body responds to specific _____ by producing antibodies against self cells called antibodies | self antigens |
| Organ transplantation weakens the immune system as the body reacts to the introduction of ____ cells | foreign |
| what are chemical mediators that are released by WBCs in response to antigenic invasion of the blood or tissues | cytokines |
| Cytokines serve to ____ the inflammatory and specific responses that will destroy the invading antigen | enhance, accelerate |
| Cytokines are generally ____ but many also have antiviral, antiproliferative, and antineoplastic properties | proinflammatory |
| Interferon alfa 2a is produced by recombinant ______ using ___ bacteria | DNA technology, E. coli |
| What are the therapeutics for interferon | hairy cell leukemia, kaposi carcinoma, chronic hepatitis |
| What are the kinetics for interferon | administered parenteral; metabolism in liver and kidneys |
| Interferon works by inhibiting the growth of ____,preventing them from multiplying, and modulates the host immune response | tumor cells |
| What are 5 contraindications for interferon | pancreatitis, hepatic, renal disease, depressed bone marrow function, cardiac disease |
| What are 7 adverse effects of interferon | dizziness, confusion, lethargy, flu like symptoms, anorexia, nausea, changes in taste |
| Interferon reacts with what drug? | theophylline |
| Interferon is a pregnancy category? | C |
| For interferon, obtain baseline _____ counts and chemistries before therapy and at least monthly during therapy | blood |
| For interferon, premedicate patients with drugs such as ___ or ___ to reduce the flu like adverse effects | acetaminophen, diphenhydramine |
| Explain to patient that interferon alfa 2a inhibits the growth of ______. | tumor cells |
| For interferon, teach patients or family members how to reconstitute the ____ into a solution and to date and ____ the reconstituted solution. | power, refrigerate |
| The earlier antibody preparations were general agents directed toward destruction of ____ cells | lymphoid |
| Because these agents are derived from nonhuman sources, they have caused the production of ___ _____ | atypical antibodies |
| What are the therapeutics for rituximab? | relapsed or refractory B cell non hodgkin lymphoma |
| What are the kinetics for rituximab? | given IV, once a week for 4-6 weeks |
| The dynamics for rituximab are its a monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the ____ antigen found on the surface of normal and malignant ___ lymphocytes and causes cell lysis | CD20, B |
| Whats the contraindication of rituximab? | hypersensitivity |
| What are the adverse effects of rituximab? | nausea, uritcaria, fatigue, headache, pruritus, bronchospasm, dyspnea, hypotension, angioedema, dyspnea, rhinitis, vomiting, flushing, pain at disease sites, throat swelling |
| What are the drug interactions of rituximab? | concomitant vaccines of any type are not recommended because of theorized potential interactions |
| For rituximab, assess for ___ and ___ conditions | respiratory, cardiac |
| Rituximab is not recommended for ____, ___ or ___ | children, pregnancy, lactation |
| Mix Rituximab in a normal ___ or ___ solutions in a plastic bag, not in a glass container | saline, dextrose |
| If taking Rituximab, patients with ___ or ___ risk factors should have continuous monitoring and frequent vital sign assessment. | cardiac, pulmonary |
| For all rituximab infusions, patients require ___ and ___ because of the high rate of infusion reactions on the first dose | premedication, close monitoring |
| Immune modulators appear to act directly on the function of ___ cells and ___ cells; stimulating or suppressing the immune response | T, B |
| Lymphocytic modulators are divided into subcategories according to their ____ and ____ properties | primary chemical structure, pharmacologic |
| Immune modulators may ___ or ___ immune function | suppress, stimulate |
| Whats the therapeutic of cyclosporine? | adjunct treatment to prevent rejection in solid organ transplantation and to prevent graft versus host disease |
| What are the kinetics of cyclosporine? | factors that affect bioavailability include food and enterohepatic recirculation |
| What are the dynamics of cyclosporine? | immunosuppressant that is produced as a metabolite |
| What is the contraindication of cyclosporine? | hypersensitivity |
| What are the adverse effects of cyclosporine? | hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, tremor, hirsutism, hypertension, gum hyperplasia |
| Cyclosporine interacts with what drugs? | drugs metabolized by the P450 system |
| Cyclosporine is a category ___ for pregnancy | C |
| Althought cyclosporine should be given IV, the __ form should be used as soon as possible | oral |
| For cyclosporine, arrange for periodic blood tests to monitor for __, ___, and ___ effects of the medication | renal, hepatic, hematologic |
Created by:
theresa9133
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