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Infection Control
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| infection prevention | The set of methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease. |
| microorganism/microbe | a living thing or organism that is so small that it can be seen only through a microscope. |
| infection | The state resulting from pathogens invading the body and multiplying. |
| pathogens | microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease |
| localized infection | an infection that is limited to a specific location in the body and has local symptoms. |
| systemic infection | An infection that is in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body, causing general symptoms. |
| healthcare-associated infection (HAI) | an infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care. |
| chain of infection | way of describing how disease is transmitted from one human being to another. |
| causative agent | A pathogenic microorganism that causes disease. |
| reservoir | a place where a pathogen lives and multiplies. |
| portal of exit | any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave. |
| mode of transmission | the method of describing how a pathogen travels. |
| direct contact | A way of transmitting pathogens through touching the infected person or his or her secretions. |
| indirect contact | A way of transmitting pathogens by touching something contaminated by the infected person. |
| mucous membranes | The membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitals. |
| portal of entry | any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter. |
| susceptible host | an uninfected person who could get sick. |
| infectious | contagious. |
| medical asepsis | Measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens. |
| surgical asepsis | the state of being free of all microorganisms; also called sterile technique. |
| Centers For Disease Control And Prevention (CDC) | A federal government agency that issues guidelines to protect the health of individuals and communities. |
| Standard Precautions | A method of infection prevention in which all blood, body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected. |
| sputum | mucus coughed up. |
| sharps | needles or other sharp objects. |
| body fluids to include the following: | Pus or wound drainage Vomit Sputum (mucus coughed up) Feces |
| hand hygiene | washing hands with either plain or antiseptic soap and water and using alcohol-based hand rubs. |
| antimicrobial | an agent that destroys, resists, or prevents the development of pathogens. |
| NAs should wash their hands at these times: | When first arriving at work Before, between, and after all resident contact Before putting on gloves and after removing gloves skin, or wound dressings Before getting clean linen Before and after using the toilet |
| personal protective equipment (PPE) | Equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards. |
| don | to put on |
| doff to remove. | to remove. |
| perineal care | care of the genitals and anal area. |
| nonintact skin | skin that is broken by abrasions, cuts, rashes, acne, pimples, lesions, surgical incisions, or boils. |
| Reason you wear a gown. | They protect exposed skin. They prevent soiling of clothing. They should fully cover the torso, and the sleeves should fit snugly. |
| Reason you wear mask. | Masks are worn when the resident has a respiratory illness. Masks should fully cover the nose and mouth. Masks should fit snugly over nose and mouth. It is important to change masks between residents. |
| clean | in health care, a condition in which objects are not contaminated with pathogens. |
| dirty | in health care, a condition in which objects have been contaminated with pathogens. |
| sterilization | a method used to decrease the spread of pathogens and disease by destroying all microorganisms, including those that form spores. |
| disinfection | Process that kills pathogens, but not all pathogens; it reduces the pathogen count to a level that is considered not infectious. |
| disposable | Only to be used once and then discarded. |
| cleaning spills involving | Don proper gloves. Use proper product to absorb spill. Scoop up absorbed spill and dispose of it in designated container. Apply disinfectant/Use proper cleaning solution. Use tools, never hands, to pick up glass. Properly bag waste. |
| Transmission-Based Precautions | method of infection prevention used when caring for persons who are infected or suspected of being infected with a disease. |
| Transmission-Based Precautions are always used | in addition to Standard Precautions. |
| airborne diseases | Transmitted through the air after being expelled Can remain floating for some time Examples include tuberculosis (TB), measles, and chickenpox |
| You will use these PPE : Face mask Gown Handwashing Proper ventilation | Airborne disease |
| droplet diseases | Can be spread by coughing, sneezing, talking, laughing, or suctioning. Influenza is one example. |
| You will use these PPE: Face mask Covering nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing Handwashing | droplet disease |
| contact diseases | Spread by touching skin, wound, or infection Examples include conjunctivitis (pink eye), C. diff., lice, scabies |
| You will use these PPE: Handwashing with antimicrobial soap Not touching infected surfaces without gloves Not touching uninfected surfaces with contaminated gloves Not sharing towels, linens, or clothing Using disposable equipment when possible | contact diseases |
| Do not wear PPE outside resident’s room and perform hand hygiene following removal of PPE. | True |
| bloodborne pathogens | microorganisms found in human blood, body fluid, draining wounds, and mucous membranes that can cause infection and disease in humans. |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma. |
| tuberculosis (TB) | a highly contagious lung disease caused by a bacterium that is carried on mucous droplets suspended in the air. |
| methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) | an infection caused by specific bacteria that have become resistant to many antibiotics. |
| Clostridium difficile (C. diff, C. difficile) | bacterial illness that can cause diarrhea and colitis. |
| Bloodborne diseases can be spread | infected blood infected semen or vaginal secretions contacting mucous membranes Sexual contact with an infected person Sharing needles with an infected person infected mothers to their babies |
| Standard Precautions | handwashing, isolation, and use of PPE can all help prevent the spread of bloodborne diseases. |
| two different types of MRSA | Hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) |
| MRSA can be spread by | Direct contact Indirect contact |
| VRE is spread by | Direct contact Indirect contact |
| C. difficile is spread | By spores via direct contact When intestinal flora is altered due to enemas, nasogastric tubes, GI tract surgery, and overuse of antibiotics |
Created by:
cooper34
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