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CALCIUM

ELECTROLYTES

QuestionAnswer
What is the normal serum calcium level? 8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL
What are four factors that influence calcium reabsorption? PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH), VITAMIN D, CORTICOSTEROIDS, DIURETICS.
What affect does parathyroid hormone have on calcium level? An increase in PTH will increase reabsorption of ionized Ca from the renal tubules and absorption from the GI tract. PTH will mobilize Ca from the bones when the kidneys cannot or do not reabsorb sufficient calcium.
What influence does VIT D have on Ca? It must be present in an active form (by ultraviolet light) to promote the absorption of Ca from the small intestine.
What is considered hypercalcemia? Ca level above 10.5 mg/dL.
What are the causes of hypercalcemia? INCREASED RENAL REABSORPTION OF Ca, INCREASED INTESTINAL ABSORPTION due to excessive dietary Ca intake. HYPERPARATHYROIDISM caused by adenoma. Ca of the parathyroid glands. Use of antacids, MULTIPLE MYELOMA, METASTATIC CA OF BONE, prolonged bed rest.
Other causes of hypercalcemia? THIAZIDE DIURETICS, RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS,THYROTOXICOSIS, HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA.
What are the clinical presentation of hypercalcemia? SUBTLE PERSONALITY CHANGES TO LETHARGY TO COMA. WEAKNESS TO HYPOTONICITY TO FLACCIDITY. POLYURIEA, POLYDIPSIA. ANOREXIA, NAUSEA, VOMITING, CONSTIPATION. Shortning of QT interval. BAND KERATOPATHY
What are the treatment for hypercalcemia? NS & IV diuretics. CORTICOSTEROIDS, MITHROMYCIN, PHOSPHATES
What is hypocalcemia? Serum calcium level less than 8.5 mg/dL
What are the causes of hypocalcemia? DIARRHEA, DIURETICS, MALABSORPTION SYNDROMES, HYPOPARATNHYROIDISM, CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE, ALKALOSIS, HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA.
What is the clinical presentation of hypocalcemia? NEUROMUSCULAR IRRITALBILITY+CHVOSTEK'S SIGNS+TROUSSEAU'S SIGNS Lengthening of the ST segment.An alteration in blood clotting.
How do you test for CHVOSTEK'S SIGN? Tap your finger over the suprmandibular portion of the parotid gland, which is located in the subcutaneous tissue of the cheek. If the upper lip twitches on the side of stimulation, the test is positive.
How do you test for TROUSSEAU'S SIGN? Apply a blood pressure cuff to the arm and inflate it until a carpopedal spasm occurs. If no spasm occurs within 3 minutes, the test is negative.
What are the treatments for hypocalcemia? 10% CALCIUM GLUCONATE IV, CALCIUM CHLORIDE IV
Sulkowitch's test A laboratory urine test for hypercalcemia
Created by: nerdismart
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