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ch3 health dispariti
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Health | a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity |
| Illness | the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process involving changed level of functioning |
| Disease | medical term, referring to pathologic changes in the structure or function of the body or mind |
| Wellness | an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good physical, mental, and emotional health |
| Acute Illness | -rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time ex. appendicitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, common cold |
| Chronic Illness | -broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health -slow onset, may have periods of remission and exacerbation ex. DM, Lung disease, arthritis, lupus |
| 4 characteristics of chronic illness | -permanent change -causes, or is caused by, irreversible alterations in normal A&P -requires special pt education for rehab -requires long period of care or support |
| 4 stages of illness behavior | stage 1 experiencing symptoms stage 2 assuming the sick role stage 3 assuming a dependent role stage 4 achieving recovery and rehab |
| 8 factors influencing health disparities | -racial and ethnic groups. -educational level -poverty -disabilities -gender; age -sexual orientation -mental health -health insurance and access to health care |
| 4 factors affecting health and illness | -basic human needs -human dimensions -self concept -risk factors for illness or injury |
| Physical dimension | genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender |
| Emotional dimension | how the mind affect body function and responds to body conditions |
| Intellectual dimension | cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences |
| Environmental dimension | housing, sanitation, climate, pollution of air, food and water |
| Sociocultural dimension | economic level, lifestyle, family and culture |
| Spiritual dimension | spiritual beliefs and values |
| 6 human dimensions composing a whole person | intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, emotional, physical |
| Health promotion and illness prevention: primary | directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury ex. immunization clinics, family planning services, poison control information, accident prevention education |
| Health promotion and illness prevention: secondary | focus on screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of any found ex. assessing children for normal growth and development and encouraging regular medical, dental and vision examinations |
| Health promotion and illness prevention: tertiary | begins after an illness is diagnosed and treated, with the goal of reducing disability and helping rehabilitate patients to a maximum level of functioning ex. pt teaching to recognize and prevent complications |
| 4 models of health and illness | -the health belief model -the health promotion model -the health illness continuum -the agent host environment model |
| Agent-host-environment model (leavell and clark) | -views the interaction between an external agent, a susceptible host and the environment as causes of disease in a person -traditional model for how certain factors= inc risk -constant interaction= inc risk -use of model is limited |
| The health-illness continuum | conceptualizes a person's level of health -views health as a constant changing stage (high level wellness-death) -illustrates dynamic ever changing state of health -adapt to change int/ext to maintain |
| The Health Belief Model (Rosenstock) | Concerned with what people perceive to be true about themselves in relation to their health -modify factors for health -based on three components of individual perceptions of threat --->susceptibilty, seriousness or dz and benefits of action |
| The Health Promotion Model (Pender) | Developed to illustrate how people interact with their environment as they pursue health -incorp individual characteristics, exp, behavior knowledge -personal,biologic,psych,sociocultural factors -directed towards +health outcomes |
| 6 Risk factors for illness | -age, genetic factors, physiologic factors, health habits, lifestyle, environment |
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