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Gas exchange
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 7.35 - 7.45 | Normal PH |
| pH 7.5 | Alkosis |
| pH 7.3 | Acidosis |
| 35 - 45 mm Hg | Normal CO2 |
| 80- 100 mm Hg | Normal PaO2 |
| 22 - 26 mEq/L | Normal HCO3 |
| 95% - 100% | Normal O2 |
| 7.4 | Absolute normal pH |
| Hyperventilation, blowing off too much CO2, have patient breathing into bag or cupped hands to rebreathe CO2 | Respiratory alkalosis |
| Not getting rid of enough Co2, slow respiratory rate | Respiratory acidosis |
| 2 to 6 L | Amount of oxygen a nurse can safely give to preserve the hypoxic drive |
| Breathing exercises, chest physiotherapy, humidification an aerosol therapy, oxygen therapy | Respiratory interventions |
| Nasal cannula, nonrebreather mask | Ways to deliver oxygen |
| Administer a lot of oxygen( hyperventilate) sterile procedure, lube the tube | Things to do prior to suctioning |
| About 10 seconds no more than 15 seconds | Length of time you should suction |
| Provide O2, keep sterile, clean, oral care | Things to do after suctioning |
| Rest in between suctioning, suction pressure 80 to 100, keep sterile in case you need to repeat procedure | Things to do during suctioning |
| Pulling fluid off of the lungs | Thoracentesis |
| Remove fluid or air, reestablish negative pressure in the plural space, promote re-expansion of the lungs, prevent reflux of air or fluid in the space, use following surgery or Nemo thorax | Purpose of chest tube |
| A progressive pulmonary disorder that follows some trauma to the long, pulmonary infiltrates develop and long comp clients decreases, fluid then shifts into the interstitial space is in the lungs and into the alveolar causing pulmonary Edema | Acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS |
| Pneumonia, aspiration, drowning, burns, embolism, pulmonary hemorrhage | Direct causes of ARDS |
| Severe sepsis shock, massive transfusion, pancreatitis | Indirect causes of ARDS |
| Cardiac dysrhythmias, renal failure, stress ulcers, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC, at risk for O2 toxicity and sepsis. | Acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS systemic complications |
| First sign is usually increase respiratory rate, fine crackles, restlessness, agitated and confused, pulse rate increases, cough may be present. Fine crackles at bases, confusion, tachycardia, tachypnea, restless, increased respirations | Early signs of ARDS |
| Progressively worsening dyspnea with retractions, nares flare, jugular vein distention, cyanosis, diaphoresis, diffuse crackles in the lower lobes and rhonchi heard in the upper lobes | Late signs of ARDS |
| Intubation, mechanical ventilator, positive and expiratory pressure, sedation, Pharma logical paralysis, antimicrobials, corticosteroids for underlining causes, emotional support and education for them and the family | Nursing care for ARDS |
Created by:
Michelle McCourt
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