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Pediatrics, Ch.20
Personal Care, Safety, Substance Abuse, Depression, & Pregnancy in Adolescents
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why does the adolescent need personal hygiene information | Body changes require more frequent bathing and the use of deodorant |
| What can the nurse help the young person do with regard to hygiene | Sort out various claims for reliability of hair removal, menstrual hygiene, cosmetic products and procedures |
| Who should perform body piercing | An experienced person using sterile instruments |
| Why are adolescents at risk for dental caries | Inadequate dental maintenance, sucrose snack and beverages |
| What is the period of greatest tooth decay in permanent teeth | 12 – 18 |
| What level of SPF should an adolescent use | 15 |
| What are the possible reactions to excessive sun or artificial tanning machines | Early aging of the skin and skin cancer |
| What is the chief safety hazard for the adolescent | Car |
| What do water related accidents often result from | Diving into unsafe water, using alcohol or drugs while swimming, unsafe jet ski use |
| Why are sports teams separated only by age a problem | Adolescents vary in size, weight, and muscle strength |
| What can motivate the adolescent to participate in risky sport related behavior | Feeling of strength and need to show off |
| What is the female athletic triad | Eating disorder, amenorrhea, osteoporosis |
| What should all student athletes have before participating in competitive sports | Comprehensive cardiovascular screening |
| How any high school athletes die in non-traumatic sports related deaths each year | 1 in 200,000 |
| What are the American rites of passage through adolescence | Obtaining driver’s license, High school graduation, Reaching legal drinking age |
| What is the best weapon against drug addiction | Education |
| What are factors influencing adolescent drug use | Need to conform, need to be accepted, peer pressure, emotional depression |
| What is PACE | An interview that can assist in determining if an adolescent might be experimenting with drugs |
| What does the P in PACE stand for | Parents, peers, pot – ask about parents, relationships with peers, and exposure to pot |
| What does the A in PACE stand for | Alcohol, automobiles – ask about alcohol use and driving record |
| What does the C in PACE stand for | Cigarettes – discuss smoking history |
| What does the E in PACE stand for | Education – discuss attitude and performance in school |
| When might the PACE interview indicate a high risk for a problem | When 2 or more letters are problem areas |
| Left untreated, what can depression lead to in an adolescent | Suicide |
| What is a threat of suicide | Call for help |
| What is the third leading cause of death in adolescents age 15 – 19 | |
| Suicide | |
| What are warning signs of suicide | Change in school performance, appearance, or behavior |
| What are the factors that determine the risks of teenage pregnancy | Age, nutritional intake, sexual activity, limited access to health care |
| Why are irregular and anovulatory menstrual cycles a risk for pregnancy | Natural methods of birth control are ineffective |
| Why is immature uterine vascular development a risk factor during pregnancy | Can lead to gestational hypertension and fetal perfusion problems that result in poor pregnancy outcomes (premature, low birth weight) |
| Why is incomplete long bone growth until 2 years after menstruation starts a risk factor during pregnancy | Can cause early closure of the epiphysis due to increased estrogen levels |
| The pelvis does not reach adult size until 3 year after menarche. Why is this a risk factor during pregnancy | Increases problems during labor and delivery and increases need for cesarean |
| Why is a deficient nutritional intake a risk factor during pregnancy | Can result in negative pregnancy outcome, birth defects, gestational hypertension, low birth weight, prematurity |
| Why is sexual activity a risk factor during pregnancy | Multiple partners and unprotected sex can lead to STIs that increase risks to the fetus and newborn |
| Why might an adolescent have limited access to health care | Fear of telling parents |
| Why is limited access to health care a risk factor during pregnancy | Delayed prenatal care can result in problems for the mother and child |
| What is the adolescent’s task during the 1st stage of pregnancy | Confirmation |
| What is the adolescent’s task during the 2nd stage of pregnancy | Focus on the newborn as real |
| What is the adolescent’s task during the 3rd stage of pregnancy | Prepare for newborn and birth process |
| What is the adolescent response to the 1st stage of pregnancy | Fear of disclosure may result in delayed confirmation, hidden pregnancy, and delayed prenatal care |
| What is the response to the 2nd stage of pregnancy | Family chaos may result, baby’s father and friends see reality, mother may try to hide by dieting and concealing, egocentric phase may prevent full focus on the baby being real |
| What is the adolescent response to the 3rd stage of pregnancy | Focuses on ending experience, fear of labor, may not wish to bond or consider newborn’s needs |
| What are the nursing interventions for the 1st stage of pregnancy | Educate about signs and symptoms so they are not confused with other conditions, Discuss healthy behaviors required for fetus |
| What are the nursing interventions for the 2nd stage of pregnancy | Preserve image by wearing appropriate clothes, Discuss disclosure to parents and friends, Discuss prenatal needs, Show attractive pictures of fetus at various gestational ages |
| What are the nursing interventions for the 3rd stage of pregnancy | Initiate discussions of child care, Tour birthing facility, Refer to community agencies as needed, Provide education regarding birth process |
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futurenurse
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