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Pediatrics Ch 20
General Characteristics and the Nursing Approach to Adolescents
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is adolescence defined | The period of life beginning with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and ending with cessation of growth and emotional maturity |
| How is adolescence divided | Early, Middle, Late periods |
| Which period is the time of greatest turmoil | Middle |
| What is the most characteristic feature of adolescence | Uncertainty |
| What are the major tasks of an adolescent | Separating from family, establishing an identity, initiating intimacy, developing career choices for economic independence |
| According to Freud, what stage is the adolescent in | Genital – the final stage |
| According to Freud, what qualities disappear and appear | Narcissism – Altruism |
| According to Freud, what are peers’ and parents’ roles | Less influential, but provide love and support |
| According to Erikson, what are an adolescent’s main concerns | Self definition and Self esteem |
| According to Erikson, what does the adolescent experience | Identity crisis brought on by physical changes and conflict about future choices and expectations of others |
| According to Erikson, what must an adolescent do | Adapt to changes and develop a new self concept and appropriate vocational choices |
| According to Erikson, what does and adolescent learn to understand | Themselves in relation to others’ perceptions and expectations |
| According to Piaget, what stage is the adolescent in | Formal operations |
| According to Piaget, what is the adolescent capable of | Reasoning logically and abstractly |
| According to Piaget, what is the adolescent oriented toward | Problem solving |
| What do parents represent to the adolescent | Authority |
| How do adolescents feel when they subject to their parent’s wishes | Humiliated and childish |
| What factors account for the restlessness of adolescents | Changing bodies, intense sexual drives, unsure how to be accepted by society, search for identity, future thoughts |
| What must the adolescent avoid in the intimacy stage | emotional isolation |
| What must the adolescent face in regard to sports, friendships, and sexual experiences | Fear of rejection |
| What does the older adolescent think about | The future |
| Piaget says that late adolescents reach the final stages of | Abstract reasoning, logic, and other forms of thought which increases sophistication in moral reasoning |
| What is one of the strongest needs of the adolescent in society | Conformity |
| What can cause the needs of the family to compete with the needs of the adolescent | Parents trying to push the adolescent into an activity or career that meets the parent’s personal dreams |
| What are the main challenges of the adolescent | Adjusting to rapid physical and physiological changes, maintaining privacy, coping with social stresses and pressures, maintaining open communication, developing positive health care practices and lifestyle choices |
| What is the purpose and when is reflective listening used | Showing understanding of feelings – when adolescents “own” the problem |
| What is the purpose and when is an “I” message used | Communicating own feelings about how the adolescent’s behavior affects the parent – when the parent owns the problem |
| What is the purpose and when is the exploring alternatives approach used | To help adolescents decide how to solve problems they own, and negotiating agreements to solve a problem the parent owns |
| What is the purpose and when is the natural and logical consequences approach used | Permitting adolescents to decide behavior and consequences, natural consequences when the adolescent owns the problem, logical consequences when the parent owns the problem |
| What must a nurse do with an adolescent before initiating care or teaching | Open the lines of communication and enable them to feel at ease |
| What is helpful in opening lines of communication with an adolescent | A sense of humor |
| What are the basics to providing adolescent communication | Providing privacy and ensuring confidentiality and respect |
| What must the nurse be careful not to do, and why | Behave like an adolescent because it will be perceived as phoney |
| What may be evidence of fear of the unknown | Hostility |
| What may be an effort to grasp for independence | Rebellion |
| What should the nurse guide the parents to do | Listen, understand, and share with the adolescent – distinguish between normal problems of adolescence and those that require referral and follow up |
| What should health care teaching include | Nutrition, Dental care, Personal care, Body piercing, Accident prevention, Substance abuse, Self control, Risk taking behavior, Money, Time management |
| What may encourage discussions of topics adolescents may not initiate by themselves | Open ended questions |
| What is self actualization for the adolescent | Graduation from high school |
| What is the first step of entrance into adulthood | Getting a job that will provide self support or going to college |
| Who can help avoid a crisis for the adolescent | A nonjudgmental adult role model who can maintain a confidence |
| What are the leading causes of mortality for adolescents | Motor vehicle accidents, Homicide, Drowning |
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