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Pediatrics. Ch19.
Pets
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When can children become responsible for caring for a pet | Age 7 |
| What is the risk of a child having a pet | Pets that have close contact with children have the potential of transmitting disease |
| Which children especially benefit from interactions with pets, and what effects do they have | Disabled – increased self esteem and positive attitudes – feeling of companionship and acceptance |
| How can pets help shy children | Ease the path to socialization with others who initiate contact because of the pet |
| What are the major factors that influence the desirability of pet ownership | Child’s age, Allergies, Immunocompromised family members |
| Why is the toddler age a bad time for pet ownership | May not understand the limitations in handling pets that can respond by biting or scratching |
| Which breeds of dogs have a greater tendency to bite | Akita, Bull terrier, Chihuahuas, Chows, Dauchshund, Doberman pinschers, German shepherds, Pit bulls, Rottweilers, St. Bernard’s |
| Which children are most at risk for contacting illness spread by animals | Immunocompromised |
| Which animals can’t be screened for potential pathogens and have few vaccines | Birds, rodents, turtles, reptiles |
| How can infection from pets occur | Contact with saliva, feces, fecal droppings, urine, or inhalation or skin contact with organisms |
| How can risk factors in pet ownership of cats and dogs be reduced | If children don’t kiss pets, pets don’t sleep in the bed, exposure to feces is avoided, hand washing encouraged |
| Does having an allergy to animal dander rule out having a pet | No |
| Which group is most likely to develop an allergy to pets, when, and why | Toddlers who spend most of their time indoors and infants born in winter months – cumulative exposure to allergens that increase sensitivity responses |
| Which animals are most often the allergen offender, and why | Cats – allergens are secreted in the saliva and by sebaceous glands onto the cat hair and skin |
| Why is allergy proofing a house with cats difficult | Hair and dander shed and electrostatic properties enable allergens to adhere to carpets and walls |
| Which animal is the least offensive pet for the allergic child, and why | Poodle – no shed cycle |
| Which animals may release more allergens, and why | Sharpies, terriers, Labrador retrievers, pit bulls – they are very susceptible to atopic conditions that cause scratching |
| In general, dogs with what characteristics produce fewer allergens | Young, neutered, female |
| What can be done if an allergenic pet is already a part of the family | Frequent bathing, keep the pet outdoors, out of child’s bedroom, 3% tannic acid spray, and sometimes desensitization of the child |
| What is the exception to the rule that the benefits of pet ownership outweigh the risks, and why | Bite injuries – risk of secondary infection |
| Why is education concerning the approach and handling of pets beneficial whether or not they own pets | They are likely to come into contact with pets in their neighborhood or at their friend’s houses |
| What are the 10 ways to protect immunocompromised children from pet-transmitted diseases | Choose well – No risk animals - Neuter – Feed well – Keep inside – Flea treatment – Proper shots – Annual stool test – Feline leukemia test – Avoid farm animals |
| What animal should be chosen to be a pet for an immunocompromised child | Dog or cat older than 1 year to reduce the likelihood of colonization with human pathogens – No birds, reptiles, turtles, rodents |
| Why should pets for an immunocompromised child be neutered at an early age | To minimize roaming activity and interaction with animals in the wild |
| What should pets for an immunocompromised child be fed | Cooked meats and foods unlikely to be contaminated with animal feces to minimize gastrointestinal colonization with potential pathogens |
| Why should pets for an immunocompromised child be kept indoors as much as possible | To limit exposure to diseases from interaction with other animals |
| Why should pets for an immunocompromised child be treated for fleas | To prevent transmission of a disease by these ectoparasites |
| What immunizations should pets for an immunocompromised child receive | Rabies, distemper, canine hepatitis, leptospirosis, parvovirus, feline leukemia virus |
| What should the pets for an immunocompromised child have annual stool tests for | Salmonella, campyloba, giardia, cryptosporidium species, dermatophytes |
| Why should cats who are pets for an immunocompromised child be tested for feline leukemia | Cats with this disease are more likely to acquire human infectious agents such as cryptosporidiosis |
| Why should immunocompromised children avoid exposure to farm animals | They have not been screened for human pathogens |
| What vector(s) can transmit cellulitis and septicemia to humans | Dog bites |
| What vector(s) can transmit salmonella to humans | Geckos |
| What vector(s) can transmit campylobacter pylori (gastroenteritis, guillian-barre syndrome) to humans | Cats, Dogs, Birds, Farm animals |
| What vector(s) can transmit rabies to humans | Cats, Dogs, Ferrets, Raccoons, Skunks, Bats, Foxes, Wolves |
| What vector(s) can transmit cryptosporidiosis (gastroenteritis) to humans | Reptiles, Rodents, Cats, Dogs |
| What vector(s) can transmit parasites, pneumonia, hypereosinphilia, toxocariasis, and fungal skin infections to humans | Dogs and Cats |
| What vector(s) can transmit leptospirosis to humans | Dogs, Cats, Reptiles, Humans |
| What vector(s) can transmit brucellosis and q fever to humans | Blood contact during birth of animals |
| What vector(s) can transmit cat scratch disease (lymphadenopathy and preauricular adenitis) to humans | Kittens |
| What vector(s) can transmit toxoplasmosis to humans | Cats |
| Which disease that can be transmitted by pets to humans can cause a congenital malformation in a fetus, and what should pregnant women avoid to prevent this | Toxoplasmosis – litter boxes |
| What vector(s) can transmit q fever to humans | Birds, Farm animals, Cats |
| What vector(s) can transmit psittacosis, histoplasmosis, and the avian flu to humans | Birds |
| What vector(s) can transmit granuloma (related to mucobaterium tuberculosis organism that causes ulcerated skin lesions after cleaning home) to humans | Fish |
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futurenurse
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