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Urinary
Study Material
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is micturition? | Process of emptying our bladder |
| What are other terms for micturition? | Voiding, Urination |
| Where does urine Collects? | In the bladder |
| Which receptors transmit impulse signals to spinal cord? | Stretch receptors |
| Who stimulates the urge to void? | Internal sphincter muscle |
| where is urine eliminate from? | urine is eliminate from the urethra at the meatus |
| Who aids voluntary control? | Pelvic floor |
| What part of the brain relaxes for voiding? | External sphincter muscle |
| Factors Affecting voiding. | 1. Developmental factors 2.physiological factors 3.Fluid and food intake 4.medication 5. muscle tone 6. pathologic conditions 7.surgical and diagnostic procedures |
| Altered Urine Production | Polyuria Oliguria and anuria Frequency and nocturia Urgency Dysuria Enuresis |
| Polyuria | Excessive urine production |
| Oliguria and Anuria | Lack of urine production |
| Frequency and Nocturia | More that 4-5 times of voiding a day or excessive urination at night |
| Urgency | Desire to void, sometimes losing elasticity |
| Dysuria | Difficult Urination ( Painful urination) |
| Enuresis | Involuntary urination after the age at which voluntary control has typically been attained. |
| What is urinary incontinence (UI) | Involuntary leakage of urine or loss of bladder control, Health symptom no a disease. |
| Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) | Occurs because of weak pelvic flood muscles and/or urethral hypermobility causing urinary leakage with activities as laughing, sneezing, coughing or any body movement. |
| Urge Urinary Incontinence | Urgen need to void and inability to stop micturition. |
| Mixed Urinary Incontinence | Diagnose when symptoms of both stress urinary incontinence and urge urinary incontinence are present |
| Overflow Urinary Incontinence | Continuous involuntary leakage or dribbling of urine that occurs with incomplete bladder emptying. |
| What is Urinary retention? | When emptying of the bladder is impaired ,urine accumulates and the bladder become overdistended. This can cause impair urination because it causes poor contractility to the detrusor muscle. |
| What are the common cause of urinary retention? | Prostatic hypertrophy (enlargement), surgery and some medications |
| What is overflow incontinence? | Bladder is firm and distended palpation and may be displaced to one side of the midline |
| What to Assess in Urination elimination? | Nursing history Physical Assessment and Hydration status Assessing Urine characteristics Assessing urine output Diagnostic test |
| What is the normal urinary output? | 60 mL/hr. or about 1500mL/day |
| What are the lab values in diagnostic test? | Organic solutes include urea, ammonia, creatine and uric acid. Inorganic solutes include sodium, chloride, potassium, sulfate, magnesium and phosphorus. |
| What factors affect urine output? | fluid intake, body fluid losses through other routes such as perspirations and breathing and diarrhea and cardiovascular and renal status of the individual. |
| When to report urinary output? | Urine output 30mL which indicate low blood volume or kidney malfunction |
| How the nursing plan for urinary elimination? | Maintain or restore a normal voiding pattern Regain normal urine output Prevent associated risk such as infection, skin breakdown, fluid and electrolyte imbalance and lowered self-steam perform toilet activities independently with or assistance |
| What are implementation for urinary elimination? | Maintaining normal urinary elimination Preventing urinary tract infections Managing urinary incontinence Managing urinary retention Urinary catherization |
| What is CAUTI? | Catherization- Associate Urinary Infection |