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Pharmacology
Chapter 54 questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A client whose daily commute includes travel on a ferry boat has been prescribed diphenhydramine. During client teaching, the nurse should instruct the client to take the medication at what time? | 30 to 60 minutes before the ferry trip |
| The nurse is caring for a client with cystic fibrosis who is receiving dornase alfa by nebulizer to help thin secretions. What statement by the client indicates a need for further instruction? | “I'm glad that this medication will address all of my symptoms.” |
| What is an adverse reaction commonly experienced by people taking nasal decongestants? | Rebound congestion |
| An older adult client has reported "seeing things that aren't there" after starting to take over-the-counter dextromethorphan for a non productive cough | |
| Which nursing diagnosis would provide the clearest indication for the administration of inhaled acetylcysteine? | ineffective airway clearance |
| A client asks, "What is the difference between antitussive medications and expectorants?" What information should the nurse’s response be based upon? | Antitussives suppress coughing while expectorants loosen bronchial secretions. |
| A nurse caring for a client in the hospital is being discharged today with a prescription for benzonatate (Tessalon Perles) 200 mg one capsule 3 times daily. What would the nurse tell the client about this prescription during discharge counseling? (Select all that apply.) | Benzonatate can cause GI upset and sedation. The client should drink plenty fluids. |
| A client comes to the clinic with what appears to be a cold. What group of upper respiratory drugs cause local vasoconstriction, which decreases blood flow and shrinks swollen membranes to improve air flow? | decongestants |
| A client reports experiencing severe nasal congestion since starting to use an over-the-counter (OTC) nasal decongestant spray a week ago. This symptomology most supports what possible medical condition? | rebound congestion |
| The nurse is educating an adult client diagnosed with rhinosinusitis with viscous clear mucous about the prescribed guaifenesin 400 mg PO every 4 hours. Which statement made by the client establishes the need for further clarification? | “The drug will suppress my cough so I can sleep easier.” |
| A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local elementary school parent group about over-the-counter cold medications and their use in children. Which would be most appropriate to include? (Select all that apply.) | Need to follow the directions for how often to give the drug Importance of reading the label for ingredients and dosage Avoidance of use in children under age 2 |
| A client is admitted after overdose with acetaminophen. What medication would the nurse expect to be administered? | Acetylcysteine |
| A male client presents to the health care provider’s office for his annual visit. When questioned about over-the-counter medication use, he states that he uses echinacea to prevent colds. What statement is true about echinacea? | There is limited or no support for the use of echinacea to prevent or treat symptoms of the common cold. |
| The nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with the common cold. What measure should the nurse recommend implementing to help liquefy cold-related secretions? | Increasing fluid intake |
| A client is prescribed oxymetazoline, a decongestant, for the treatment of hay fever. What should the nurse evaluate to assess the efficacy of therapy? | Maintenance of effective airway clearance |
| The nursing instructor is teaching about antitussives and their side effects. What ingredient found in some antitussives does the instructor tell students can cause drowsiness? | antihistamine |
| When describing the benefits of second-generation H1 receptor antagonists to those of first-generation H1 receptor antagonists, the nurse should cite what advantage? | decreased sedation |
| Acetylcysteine may be used as a mucolytic agent. What is an additional indication for the drug? | Antidote for acetaminophen poisoning |
| A client receives diphenhydramine orally. The nurse would expect this drug to begin acting within which time frame? | 15 to 30 minutes |
| A client asks the nurse how long to use oxymetazoline (Afrin) nasal spray for nasal congestion. What is the nurse’s best response? | "Consult with your primary care provider." |
| A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed a nasal decongestant. Which of the following factors should the nurse assess before administering the drug? | Blood pressure |
| A client asks the nurse about using dextromethorphan to relieve a cough. What type of cough would the nurse explain is best treated with the drug? | A dry, nonproductive cough |
| A female client is prescribed a first-generation antihistamine for her allergies. The nurse would expect her to experience what adverse effect? | Dry mouth |
| Which agent would the nurse instruct a client to use orally? | Pseudoephedrine |
| A client is admitted after overdose with acetaminophen. What medication would the nurse expect to be administered? | Acetylcysteine |
| A client, scheduled to receive one unit of packed red blood cells, has a history of an allergic reaction to a transfusion in the past. What class of medication will assist in preventing a reaction to the packed red blood cell transfusion? | antihistamines |
| A client having an allergic reaction to mold, describes chest tightness and difficulty breathing. Which process is occurring? | Contraction of smooth muscle in the bronchi |
| A client exhibiting signs and symptoms of the common cold asks the nurse if taking an antihistamine would be helpful. What is the nurse’s best response? | Antihistamines are not recommended for treating a cold. |
| Acetylcysteine may be used as a mucolytic agent. What is an additional indication for the drug? | Antidote for acetaminophen poisoning |
| A nurse is describing the action of a prescribed antihistamine to a client. The nurse is describing which medication, by explaining that the drug elicits its antihistamine effects by nonselectively binding to central and peripheral H1 receptors? | Diphenhydramine |
| Mucolytics are often used for patients with cystic fibrosis, COPD, or tuberculosis. | True |
| Mr. Zee is prescribed an inhaled nasal steroid to relieve his symptoms associated with seasonal allergies. What is true about inhaled nasal steroids? | Inhaled nasal steroids are more effective than oral medications in treating the global symptoms associated with allergies. |
| A client asks, "What is the difference between antitussive medications and expectorants?" What information should the nurse’s response be based upon? | Antitussives suppress coughing while expectorants loosen bronchial secretions. |
| The pharmacology instructor is discussing the adverse effects of diphenhydramine. Which is not one of these effects? | Excessive salivation |
| The nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with the common cold. What measure should the nurse recommend implementing to help liquefy cold-related secretions? | Increasing fluid intake |
| A client is prescribed oxymetazoline. Which assessment data would indicate that the drug is effective? | Breathing pattern is regular and without difficulty. |
| Which condition would contraindicate the use of oxymetazoline? | hypertension |
| The nursing instructor is discussing the use of nasal decongestants and shares what reason for their effectiveness? | They come into direct contact with nasal mucosa. |
| A client has self-medicated with an over-the-counter (OTC) decongestant nasal spray for several weeks in order to help prevent “getting the common cold.” The nurse should educate the client concerning the risk for which result of long-term use of OTC cold remedies? Select all that apply. | Chronic nasal congestion Damage to the nasal mucosa |
| A patient receives guaifenesin. The nurse would expect the drug to begin acting within which time frame? | 30 minutes |
| A 76-year-old client has been prescribed an oral antihistamine. What adverse effect presents a priority safety concern for older adult clients? | Drowsiness |
| An 82-year-old client is prescribed an antihistamine for the relief of allergic rhinitis. Which findings would the nurse most likely assess in this client? Select all that apply. | Sedation Dry throat Confusion |
| The nurse is educating an older adult client diagnosed with rhinosinusitis in an outpatient clinic about the prescribed topical oxymetazoline. The client has a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease. Which statement made by the client establishes the need for further clarification? | “I can take over-the-counter pseudoephedrine, too.” |
| A client presents at the clinic with a dry, nonproductive cough. The client is diagnosed with bronchitis, and it is determined that they will need help thinning sputum so that the cough can become productive. What does the nurse expect will be prescribed for the client? | Guaifenesin |
| What is the chemical mediator released in immune and inflammatory response to allergic reactions? | Histamine |
| A 45-year-old female client is being seen in the health care provider's office for a dry, hacking cough that is keeping her up at night. The provider prescribes dextromethorphan for the cough. Which statement is true about dextromethorphan? | Dextromethorphan works in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex. |
| What home remedies are effective for mouth dryness and cough? (Select all that apply.) | Sucking on hard candy or throat lozenges Humidification of the environment Adequate fluid intake |
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bonitasoul
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