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NUR267Ch3&4
Nursing 267 Chapters 3&4 Glossary terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ACCESS Demonstration Project | initiated to assess whether or not more integrated systems of service delivery enhance the quality of life of homeless people with serious mental disabilities |
| assertive community treatment (ACT) | community-based programs that provide many of the services that are necessary for successful community living; includes case management, problem solving, social skills training; support, teaching on a 24/7 basis |
| behavior modification | a method of attempting to strengthen a desired behavior or response by reinforcement, either positive or negative |
| behaviorism | a school of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and what one can do externally to bring about behavior changes. It does not attempt to explain how the mind works. |
| case management | management of care on a case-by-case basis, representing an effort to provide necessary services while containing cost |
| client-centered therapy | focused on the role of the client, rather than the therapist, as the key to the healing process |
| closed group | structured to keep the same members in the group for a specified number of sessions |
| clubhouse model | community-based rehabilitation; an “intentional community” based on the belief that men and women with serious and persistent psychiatric disability can and will achieve normal life goals when given the opportunity, time, support, and fellowship |
| cognitive therapy | focuses on immediate thought processing: how a person perceives or interprets his or her experience and determines how he or she feels and behaves |
| countertransference | occurs when the therapist displaces onto the client attitudes or feelings from his or her past; process that can occur when the nurse responds to the client based on personal, unconscious needs and conflicts |
| criminalization of mental illness | refers to the practice of arresting and prosecuting mentally ill offenders, even for misdemeanors, at a rate four times that of the general population in an effort to contain them in some type of institution where they might receive needed treatment |
| crisis | a turning point in an individual's life that produces an overwhelming emotional response; individual is confronting life circumstance or stressor that cannot be managed through customary coping strategies |
| crisis intervention | includes a variety of techniques, based on the assessment of the individual in crisis, to assist in resolution or management of the stressor or circumstance |
| day treatment | treatment programs in which clients attend during the day and return home or to the community at night |
| dream analysis | a primary method used in psychoanalysis; involves discussing a client's dreams to discover their true meaning and significance |
| education group | a therapeutic group; provides information to members on a specific issue: for instance, stress management, medication management, or assertiveness training |
| ego | in psychoanalytic theory, the balancing or mediating force between the id and the superego; represents mature and adaptive behavior that allows a person to function successfully in the world |
| evolving consumer household (ECH) | a group-living situation in which the residents make the transition from a traditional group home to a residence where they fulfill their own responsibilities and function without on-site supervision from paid staff |
| family therapy | a form of group therapy in which the client and his or her family members participate to deal with mutual issues |
| free association | a method in psychoanalysis used to gain access to subconscious thoughts and feelings by saying a word and asking the client to respond quickly with the first thing that comes to mind |
| group therapy | therapy during which clients participate in sessions with others. The members share a common purpose and are expected to contribute to the group to benefit others and to receive benefit from others in return. |
| hierarchy of needs | a pyramid used to arrange and illustrate the basic drives or needs that motivate people; developed by Abraham Maslow |
| humanism | focuses on a person's positive qualities, his or her capacity to change (human potential), and the promotion of self-esteem |
| id | in psychoanalytic theory, the part of one's nature that reflects basic or innate desires such as pleasure-seeking behavior, aggression, and sexual impulses. The id seeks instant gratification |
| individual psychotherapy | a method of bringing about change in a person by exploring his or her feelings, attitudes, thinking, and behavior. It involves a one-to-one relationship between the therapist and the client. |
| interdisciplinary (multidisciplinary) team | treatment group comprised of individuals from a variety of fields or disciplines; the most useful approach in dealing with the multifaceted problems of clients with mental illness |
| milieu therapy | the concept involves clients' interactions with one another; i.e., practicing interpersonal relationship skills, giving one another feedback about behavior, and working cooperatively as a group to solve day-to- day problems |
| negative reinforcement | involves removing a stimulus immediately after a behavior occurs so that the behavior is more likely to occur again |
| open group | an ongoing group that runs indefinitely; members join or leave the group as they need to |
| operant conditioning | the theory which says people learn their behavior from their history or past experiences, particularly those experiences that were repeatedly reinforced |
| parataxic mode | begins in early childhood as the child begins to connect experiences in sequence; the child may not make logical sense of the experiences and may see them as coincidence or chance events; |
| partial hospitalization program (PHP) | structured treatment at an agency or facility for clients living in the community; designed to help clients make a gradual transition from being an inpatient to living independently or to avoid hospital admission |
| participant observer | the therapist's role, meaning that the therapist both participates in and observes the progress of the relationship |
| positive reinforcement | a reward immediately following a behavior to increase the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated |
| prototaxic mode | characteristic of infancy and childhood that involves brief, unconnected experiences that have no relationship to one another. Adults with schizophrenia exhibit persistent prototaxic experiences. |
| psychiatric rehabilitation | services designed to promote the recovery process for clients with mental illness; not limited to medication management and symptom control, includes personal growth reintegration into the community, increased independence, and improved quality of life |
| psychoanalysis | focuses on discovering the causes of the client's unconscious and repressed thoughts, feelings, and conflicts believed to cause anxiety and helping the client to gain insight into and resolve these conflicts and anxieties; |
| psychosocial interventions | nursing activities that enhance the client's social and psychological functioning and improve social skills, interpersonal relationships, and communication |
| psychotherapy | therapeutic interaction between a qualified provider and client or group designed to benefit persons experiencing emotional distress, impairment, or illness; therapist's approach is based on a theory or combination of theories |
| psychotherapy group | the goal of the group is for members to learn about their behaviors and to make positive changes in their behaviors by interacting and communicating with others as members of a group |
| residential treatment setting | long-term treatment provided in a living situation; vary according to structure, level of supervision, and services provided |
| self-actualized | describes a person who has achieved all the needs according to Maslow's hierarchy and has developed his or her fullest potential in life |
| self-help group | members share a common experience, but the group is not a formal or structured therapy group |
| subconscious | thoughts or feelings in the preconscious or unconscious level of awareness |
| superego | in psychoanalytic theory, the part of a person's nature that reflects moral and ethical concepts, values, and parental and social expectations; therefore, it is in direct opposition to the id |
| support group | organized to help members who share a common problem to cope with it |
| syntaxic mode | begins to appear in school-aged children and becomes more predominant in preadolescence; the person begins to perceive him- or herself and the world within the context of the environment and can analyze experiences in a variety of settings |
| systematic desensitization | behavioral technique used to help overcome irrational fears and anxiety associated with a phobia |
| therapeutic community or milieu | beneficial environment; interaction among clients is seen as beneficial, and treatment emphasizes the role of this client-to-client interaction |
| therapeutic nurse–client relationship | professional, planned relationship between client and nurse that focuses on client needs, feelings, problems, and ideas; interaction designed to promote client growth, discuss issues, and resolve problems |
| transference | occurs when the client displaces onto the therapist attitudes and feelings that the client originally experienced in other relationships; it is common for the client unconsciously to transfer to the nurse feelings he or she has for significant others |
Created by:
cspearsall
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