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NUR267Ch1&2
Nursing 267 Chapters 1&2 Glossary terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| akathisia | intense need to move about; characterized by restless movement, pacing, inability to remain still, and the client's report of inner restlessness |
| antidepressant drugs | primarily used in the treatment of major depressive illness, anxiety disorders, the depressed phase of bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression |
| antipsychotic drugs | also known as neuroleptics; used to treat the symptoms of psychosis such as the delusions and hallucinations seen in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and the manic phase of bipolar disorder |
| anxiolytic drugs | used to treat anxiety and anxiety disorders, insomnia, OCD, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and alcohol withdrawal |
| asylum | a safe refuge or haven offering protection; in the United States, became a term used to describe institutions for the mentally ill |
| Black Box Warning | medication package inserts must have a highlighted box, separate from the text, that contains a warning about the life-threatening or otherwise serious side effect(s) of the medication |
| case management | management of care on a case-by-case basis, representing an effort to provide necessary services while containing cost |
| computerized tomography (CT) | a diagnostic procedure in which a precise x-ray beam takes cross-sectional images (slices) layer by layer |
| deinstitutionalization | a deliberate shift in care of the mentally ill from institutional care in state hospitals to care in community-based facilities and through community-based services |
| depot injection | a slow-release, injectable form of antipsychotic medication for maintenance therapy |
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) | taxonomy published by the APA. The DSM-IV-TR describes all mental disorders and outlines specific diagnostic criteria for each based on clinical experience and research. |
| dopamine | a neurotransmitter located primarily in the brain stem; has been found to be involved in the control of complex movements, motivation, cognition, and regulation of emotional responses |
| dystonia | extrapyramidal side effect to antipsychotic medication; includes acute muscular rigidity and cramping, a stiff or thick tongue with difficulty swallowing, and, in severe cases, laryngospasm and respiratory difficulties; also called dystonic reactions |
| efficacy | refers to the maximal therapeutic effect a drug can achieve |
| epinephrine | derivative of norepinephrine, the most prevalent neurotransmitter in the nervous system, located primarily in the brain stem, and which plays a role in changes in attention, learning and memory, sleep and wakefulness, and mood regulation |
| extrapyramidal side effects | reversible movement disorders induced by antipsychotic or neuroleptic medication |
| half-life | the time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated from the bloodstream |
| kindling process | the snowball-like effect seen when minor seizure activity seems to build up into more frequent and severe seizures |
| limbic system | an area of the brain located above the brain stem that includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala (although some sources differ regarding the structures that this system includes) |
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | diagnostic test used to visualize soft tissue structures; energy field is created with a magnet and radio waves, then converted into a visual image |
| managed care | a concept designed to purposely control the balance between the quality of care provided and the cost of that care |
| managed care organizations | developed to control the expenditure of insurance funds by requiring providers to seek approval before the delivery of care |
| mental disorder | defined by DSM-IV-TR as a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present distress, disability or with a significantly increased risk of suffering |
| mental health | a state of emotional, psychological, and social wellness evidenced by satisfying relationships, effective behavior and coping, positive self-concept, and emotional stability |
| mood-stabilizing drugs | used to treat bipolar disorder by stabilizing the client's mood, preventing or minimizing the highs and lows that characterize bipolar illness, and treating acute episodes of mania |
| neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) | a potentially fatal, idiosyncratic reaction to an antipsychotic (or neuroleptic) drug |
| neurotransmitter | the chemical substances manufactured in the neuron that aid in the transmission of information throughout the body |
| norepinephrine | the most prevalent neurotransmitter in the nervous system |
| off-label use | a drug will prove effective for a disease that differs from the one involved in original testing and FDA approval |
| phenomena of concern | describe the twelve areas of concern that mental health nurses focus on when caring for clients |
| positron emission tomography (PET) | a diagnostic test used to examine the function of the brain by monitoring the flow of radioactive substances that are injected into the bloodstream |
| potency | describes the amount of a drug needed to achieve maximum effect |
| pseudoparkinsonism | a type of extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotic medication; drug-induced parkinsonism; includes shuffling gait, masklike facies, muscle stiffness (continuous) or cogwheeling rigidity (ratchet-like movements of joints), drooling, and akinesia |
| psychoimmunology | examines the effect of psychosocial stressors on the body's immune system |
| psychopharmacology | the use of medications to treat mental illness |
| psychotropic drugs | drugs that affect mood, behavior, and thinking that are used to treat mental illness |
| rebound | temporary return of symptoms; may be more intense than original symptoms |
| self-awareness | the process by which a person gains recognition of his or her own feelings, beliefs, and attitudes |
| serotonin | a neurotransmitter found only in the brain |
| serotonin syndrome | uncommon but potentially life-threatening disorder; characterized by agitation, sweating, fever, tachycardia, hypotension, rigidity, hyperreflexia, confusion, poss coma and death |
| single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) | a diagnostic test used to examine the function of the brain by following the flow of an injected radioactive substance |
| standards of care | authoritative statements by professional organizations that describe the responsibilities for which nurses are accountable; the care that nurses provide to clients meets set expectations and is what any nurse in a similar situation would do |
| stimulants | drugs that stimulate or excite the central nervous system |
| tardive dyskinesia | a late-onset, irreversible neurologic side effect of antipsychotic medications; characterized by abnormal, involuntary movements such as lip smacking, tongue protrusion, chewing, blinking, grimacing, and choreiform movements of the limbs and feet |
| utilization review firms | developed to control the expenditure of insurance funds by requiring providers to seek approval before the delivery of care |
| withdrawal | new symptoms resulting from discontinuation of drug or substance |
Created by:
cspearsall
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