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HYPERNATREMIA

ELECTROLYTES

QuestionAnswer
SODIUM The most prevalent cation in the body's extracellular fluid compartment. Normal range 135 meq/L - 145 meq/L.
Where is Na absorbed in the kidney? PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES (most)
What affects Na reabsorption? A decrease in GFR will increase Na reabsortion.
What is the greatest inhibitor of Na excretion? ALDOSTERONE
What are most cases of hypernatremia caused by? Most cases of hypernatremia are due not to Na disturbances but to fluid disturbances. It may be seen in dehydration.
What signs to look for with hypernatremia caused by pure water loss or decreased intake? The hematocrit will be elevated, serum chloride will be above 106 meq/L, urine specific gravity will be greater than 1.025, and urine sodium level will be low.
What is the most common cause of hypernatremic dehydration? insufficient ADH secretion.
What are some causes of hypernatremic dehydration? Diabetes insipidus, Increased insensible water loss, hypertonic enteral feedings, potassium depletion (from vomiting, diarrhea, or nasogatric sutioning). DM, osmotic diuresis secondary to hyperglycemia.
What are the clinical presentation of hypernatremia? DEHYDRATION, DRY STICKY MUCOUS MEMBRANES, THIRST, OLIGURIA, FEVER, TACHYCARDIA, AND AGITATION
What is the treatment for hypernatremia? Fluid administration with free water
Created by: nerdismart
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