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Chapter 12

Urinary system

TermDefinition
Albumin/o Protein
Meat/o Meatus (opening)
Vesic/o Bladder or sac
Pyel/o Renal pelvis (basin)
Hilum Indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave
Calyces or calices Funnel-shaped ducts that carry urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis (kalyx=cup of flower)
Renal medulla Inner part of the kidney
Collecting duct Tubule that connects the nephrons to the renal pelvis
Renal tubule Stem portion of the nephron
Urea Waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine
Creatinine Waste product of muscle metabolism, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine
Renal pelvis Basin-like portion of the ureter within the kidney
Bowman capsule Top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus; also called glomerular capsule
Anuria Absence of urine formation
Enuresis involuntary discharge of urine, usually referring to a lack of urinary bladder control
Dysuria Painful urination
Albuminuria Presence of albumin in the urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise; also called proteinuria
Pyuria Presence of white cells in urine, usually indicating infection
Glomerulonephritis Form of nephritis involving the glomerulus
Hydronephrosis Pooling of urine in dilated areas of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys caused by an obstructed outflow of urine
Nephritis Inflammation of the kidney
Urethral stenosis Narrowed condition of the urethra
Azotemia Excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood caused by kidney failure; also called uremia
Cystitis Inflammation of the bladder
Scout film Plain-film x-ray image obtained to detect any obvious pathology before further imaging
Renal angiogram X-ray image of the renal vessels obtained after injection of a contrast dye
Cystoscopy Examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cytoscope
Nitrite Chemical test to determine the presence of bacteria in the urine
Specific gravity Measure of the concentration or dilution of urine
Nephrotomy Incision into the kidney
Pyeloplasty Surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvis
Created by: Yford4
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