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Pharmacology Review

NUR 125 final exam pharmacology review

TermDefinition
Isotonic fluids Example: 0.9% sodium chloride (NS), Lactated Ringers (LR) Actions: Increases intravascular volume
Hypertonic fluids Example: 20% dextrose in water, 3% saline Actions: Decreases edema, pulls fluid out of the cells
Carbidopa Given with levodopa to reduce levodopa metabolism so that more of the levodopa will reach receptor sites.
Levodopa Used to replace dopamine deficiency in Parkinson's. Given in combination with carbidopa.
Antacids Neutralize gastric acid
Milk of Magnesia An antacid medication with a side effect of diarrhea
Histamine-2 receptor antagonists Example: Pepcid Action: Decreases acid secretion
Proton Pump Inhibitors Example: Pantoprazole (Protonix) Action: Decreases acid secretion Uses: Given for GERD and ulcers
Prokinetic Agents Example: metoclopramide (Reglan) Action: Increases stomach contractions, increases peristalsis
Coating Agent Example: sucralfate (Carafate) Action: Coats the stomach to protect it from acids
Serotonin antagonists Example: ondansetron (Zofran) Uses: Treats nausea and vomiting associated with chemo, radiation, and post op nausea and vomiting (PONV)
Anticholinergics Example: Benadryl and Dramamine Uses: Motion sickness Side Effect: "Can't See, Can't Pee, Can't spit, Can't poop" - blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth and throat
Amphojel Binds with phosphorus to increase serum calcium levels. Given in patients with chronic kidney disease to raise calcium level.
Furosemide (Lasix) Loop diuretic Action: inhibits sodium and chloride reabsorption, helps the kidneys excrete excess fluid and decreases edema
Erythropoietin Treats anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease, helps the kidneys produce more RBC
Nitroglycerin Action: decreases oxygen demand of the heart and dilates arteries Nursing: Assess BP, seek help if no relief in 5 minutes, do not take with viagra
Protamine sulfate Counteracts heparin
Vitamin K Counteracts Coumadin
Calcium Channel Blockers Example: Norvasc Action: dilates blood vessels, reduces peripheral vascular resistance
warfarin (Coumadin) Anticoagulant Treats DVT, PE Side effect is bleeding Takes 3-4 days until it is affective
Corticosteroids Drug type: Anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, immunosuppressant Side Effects: Causes sodium retention and loss of potassium, delayed wound healing, increased risk of infection Take with food. Higher doses needed when body under stress.
Opiate agonists Side effects: Decreased BP, Decreased RR, Confusion, Constipation, Urinary retention, Nausea, Dizziness
Created by: hmartin501
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