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Test #1

Pharmacology

QuestionAnswer
Midazolam Uses - Sedation before surgery - Conscious sedation
Midazolam side effects lethargy drowsiness anterograde amnesia hypotension
Midazolam adverse reactions/toxicity Tolerance Respiratory Distress
Midazolam Nursing considerations Monitor BP/HR Respiratory Depression Taper- do not stop abruptly
Midazolam Patient Teaching No Driving No OTC sleep meds No ETOH
Alprazolam Class Benzodiazepines
Midazolam Class Benzodiazepines
Alprazolam uses anxiety, sleep, panic disorder
Alprazolam adverse reactions/ toxicity grapefruit can increase levels dependence withdrawal tachycardia seizures
Alprazolam side effects lethargy drowsiness dizziness anterograde amnesia hypotension
Zolpidem class non-benzodiazepines
Zolpidem uses short term treatment for insomnia
Zolpidem side effects lethargy hangover anterograde amnesia
Zolpidem adverse reactions Respiratory depression tolerance dependence
Zolpidem nursing considerations VS assess use of other CNS depressants
Zolpidem Patient teaching No ETOH avoid OTC sleep aids No driving Encourage good sleep habits Take 15-30mins before bed
Lidocaine class Anesthetics
Lidocaine uses local anesthetic that has a rapid onset and long duration
Spinal /epidural class Anesthetics
Spinal/epidural side effects headache hypotension urinary retention
Spinal/epidural nursing considerations monitor I&Os and VS patient to lay flat after increase fluids
Spinal/epidural Adverse Reactions Respiratory and Cardiovascular system concerns
Aspirin class NSAIDS Salicylates
Aspirin action reduce pain by blocking COX 1 and 2 enzyme anti-platelet property (Cox 1) and reduces pain and inflammation (Cox 2)
Aspirin Side Effects N/V diarrhea constipation abdominal pain
Aspirin patient teaching Take with food or take the enteric coated pill do not take with ETOH or warfarin Always stop 7 days prior to surgery
Aspirin Adverse reactions GI ulcers/ bleeding tinnitus vertigo bronchospasm
Why shouldn't children have aspirin risk of Reye's syndrome (brain/liver damage)
1. What is the function of COX 1 receptor? 2. What is the function of COX 2 receptor ? 1. maintains stomach lining 2. reduces pain and inflammation
Aspirin uses inflammation anti-platelet pain anti-pyretic
Aspirin Labs Watch liver function PT/INR
Ibuprofen uses inflammation pain antipyretic
Ibuprofen action inhibits COX 1&2 enzyme Prostaglandin inhibitor
Ibuprofen Adverse effects GI ulcers bleeding peripheral edema rash dizziness
Ibuprofen patient teaching take with food do not take with aspirin or ETOH stop 7 days prior to surgery avoid during pregnancy
Ibuprofen Nursing considerations watch for hypoglycemia with DM meds Monitor Liver function Avoid giving to patients with liver/kidney disease hypoglycemia can happen if taken with diabetic meds avoid warfarin, sulfonamides, cephalosporins
Ibuprofen side effects GI upset if taken without food sodium and water retention
Celecoxib uses osteoarthritis RA Moderate to severe pain
Celecoxib Action inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in COX 2 decreases inflammation and pain
Celecoxib Side effects headache dizziness diarrhea peripheral edema HTN
Celecoxib Adverse reactions can cause stroke or heart attack
Celecoxib Nursing considerations Use cautiously in patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction monitor BP for HTN dysrhythmias heart failure ask if taking ginkgo biloba -> increase risk of bleeding
Celecoxib class NSAID Cox 2 inhibitor
Fenamates uses used for chronic arthritis
Oxicams uses used for RA (has long half life- so only requires daily dosing)
COX 2 inhibitors only works for pain and inflammation no effect on COX 1 so will not have any GI distress or bleeding increased risk of heart attack and stroke (use cautiously)
DMARDS class immunosuppressants immunomodulators antimalarials
DMARDS uses RA severe psoriasis Crohns disease Ulcerative colitis
DMARDS nursing considerations must assess for risk of infection d/t being an immunosuppressant
Antigout uses to decrease high uric acid in blood that causes inflammation/severe pain
Antigout patient teaching increase fluids to flush out the uric acid
Colchicine uses for inflammation r/t gout (not to be used for other inflammatory conditions)
Allopurinol class Antigout
Allopurinol uses lowers uric acid levels in blood (used for chronic gout)
Allopurinol labs monitor renal and liver function (BUN, serum creatine, ALP, AST, ALT)
Allopurinol adverse reactions metallic taste anorexia rash/ pruritus
Allopurinol patient teaching yearly eye exam (vision changes can occur with prolong drug use) avoid ETOH and caffeine (can increase uric acid levels) Avoid large doses of Vitamin C (risk for kidney stones) take medication with food to decrease gastric distress
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