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NUR121-STD

CHAP 53 LEWIS-MANAGEMENT OF STD

QuestionAnswer
• Types of STD infections include bacterial (gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis) and viral (genital herpes, genital warts). bacterial (gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis) and viral (genital herpes, genital warts).
the second most frequently reported STD in United States •Gonorrhea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram-negative diplococcus.
•Complications of gonorrhea in men are prostatitis, urethral strictures, and sterility from orchitis or epididymitis.
•Complications of gonorrhea in women with gonorrhea are more common and include pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), Bartholin’s abscess, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility.
•The most common treatment for gonorrhea is a single IM dose of ceftriaxone (Rocephin).
•The cause of syphilis is Treponema pallidum, a spirochete which enters the body through very small breaks in skin or mucous membranes.
•In addition to sexual contact, syphilis may be spread through contact with infectious lesions and sharing of needles among IV drug users.
the most commonly reported STD in the United States are •Chlamydial infections
•Chlamydial infections respond to treatment with doxycycline (Vibramycin) or azithromycin (Zithromax).
•Genital warts are discrete single or multiple papillary growths that are white to gray and pink-flesh colored. They may grow and coalesce to form large, cauliflower-like masses
•Genital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). There are over 100 types of papillomaviruses, and about 40 of these affect the genital tract.
•Some HPV types appear to be harmless and self-limiting, whereas others are linked to cervical and vulvar cancer in women and anorectal and squamous cell carcinoma of the penis in men.
•“Safe” sex practices include abstinence, monogamy with the uninfected partner, avoidance of certain high-risk sexual practices, and use of condoms and other barriers to limit contact with potentially infectious body fluids or lesions.
Factors Contributing to the Spread of STD’s Asymptomatic nature of STD’s Long time between infection and complications. Social and behavioral factors
Factors Contributing to the Spread of STD’s Gender and age Women are at increased risk Young women are especially susceptible
Factors Contributing to the Spread of STD’s Substance abuse and sex work Limited access to health care Sexual coercion Sexuality and secrecy
Factors Contributing to the Spread of STD’s Societal changes Greater sexual freedom Changes in the institution of marriage and family Decreased control by religious institutions
Factors Contributing to the Spread of STD’s Changes in contraception Condom usage vs. oral contraceptives Oral contraceptives change cervix and vagina to become more alkaline.
Rate of STD infection in a population is determined by three factors: Rate at which uninfected persons have sex with infected persons. Probability that susceptible exposed person will actually acquire the disease. Time period during which an infected person remains infectious.
Created by: pfcanny
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