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Rivers
Year 7 Geography - A Rivers Journey
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Three processes through which a river changes the land | Weathering. Erosion. Deposition. |
| Erosion | the wearing away of rocks by a river |
| weathering | breaks up material due to rain and changing temperatures |
| deposition | where material is deposited |
| three stages/courses of a river | upper, middle, lower |
| an example of a source of a river | a spring or bog |
| how does a v-shaped valley form? | forms in the upper course of the river as it erodes down |
| What happens to the width and depth of a river as it reaches the middle course? | It becomes wider and deeper |
| What is a floodplain | The area around the river that is covered in times of flood |
| Why are floodplains good for growing crops? | Very fertile area due to the rich alluvium deposited by floodwaters |
| Alluvium | Very fine sediment |
| What are floodplains a good place for | agriculture |
| What features are found in the lower course of a river | Meanders, ox-bow lakes, levees, floodplains, the mouth |
| Features found in Upper course of a river | V Shaped valley, Source, Waterfalls, Interlocking spurs |
| Features found in middle course of a river | U-Shaped valley, meanders |
| Meander | Bend in the river |
| The journey of a river from start to finish is called the | course |
| The start of a river is called the | source |
| What do a tree and a river have in common | Both contain water, have branches, main channel/trunk, both habitats |
| What is a drainage basin | Area of land that is drained by a river and it's tributaries. When a droplet of water falls onto the land as precipitation) gravity will make sure that water is "pulled" downhill to return to sea. |
| Catchment area | The area within a drainage basin |
| Watershed | The edge of highland surrounding a drainage basin which marks the boundary between two drainage basins |
| Confluence | The point at which two rivers or streams join |
| Tributary | A stream or smaller river which joins and larger stream or river |
| Mouth | The point where the river comes to the end, usually when entering the sea. |
| abrasion | where sediments in the water rub against the bank and bed of the river and wear them away |
| attrition | where pebbles collide and get smaller, rounder |
| hydraulic action | where the force of the water hitting the banks breaks up the river bank |
| solution | where the river dissolves some of the rocks |
| droplets inside the clouds grow into larger droplets leading to | precipitation |
| Gorge | steep sided narrow valley that forms as a waterfall retreats |
| sediment | material carried by a river - rocks, pebbles, mud, sand, leaves, twigs etc |
| How does a waterfall form | Soft rock erodes more quickly, undercutting the hard rock. Hard rock is left overhanging and isn’t supported so eventually collapses. Fallen rocks crash into plunge pool, swirl around, causing more erosion. |
| How does a meander form | As the river flows around a meander, centrifugal forces cause the water to flow fastest around the outside of the bend creating erosion on the outside and deposition on the inside of the bend. |
| centrifugal forces | the apparent force that is felt by an object moving in a curved path that acts outwardly away from the center of rotation (imagine being on a roundabout and feeling the force that pushes you outwards) |
| How is an ox-bow lake formed? | A meander in the river may be cut off and deposition fills the section that no longer flows. This forms an ox-bow lake. |
| How is a river beach formed? | The river carries it's material (its load ) which is deposited (or laid down) and builds up to form a gently sloping area of land called a river beach. |
| Steep river cliff or bluff | The greatest force of water is on the outside bend where the river flows fastest. This causes the bank on the outside bend to erode and forms a steep cliff or bluff. |
Created by:
Frankiek
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