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Geography Unit 6
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Tsunami | A seismic (earthquake-generated) sea wave that can attain gigantic proportions and cause coastal devastation. |
Dynasty | A succession of Chinese rulers that came from the same line of male descent, sometimes enduring for centuries. Dynastic rule in China lasted for thousands of years, only coming to an end in 1911. |
Sinicization | Giving a Chinese cultural imprint |
Asian Tigers | the economies of South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong. Between the early 1960s and 1990s, they underwent rapid industrialization and maintained exceptionally high growth rates of more than 7 percent a year. |
New Silk Road | China’s ongoing ambitious project to forge an overland routeway of high-speed railroads to link East Asia to Europe via Central Asia. This new “Eurasian land bridge” |
Regional complementarity | Exists when a pair of regions, through an exchange of raw materials and/or finished products, can specifically satisfy each other’s demands. |
One nation two systems | The arrangement under which capitalist Hong Kong functions within the PRC’s communist economic system. Widely seen as a model for the future reunification of Taiwan with mainland China. |
One-child policy | Chinese population control policy initiated in the late 1970s that proscribed (and enforced) a limit of one child per family of most population groups (mainly urban, Han populations). |
High value-added goods | Products of improved net worth. |
Floating population | China’s huge mass of mobile workers who respond to shifting employment needs within the country. Most are temporary urban dwellers with restricted residency rights, whose movements are controlled by the hukou system. |
Hukou system | A longstanding Chinese system whereby all inhabitants must obtain and carry with them residency permits that indicate where an individual is from and where they may exercise particular rights such as education, health care, housing, and the like. |
Gender imbalance | The demographic imbalance of males outnumbering females resulting from selective birth control. In China, this is an outcome of the One-Child Policy. |
Dependency ratio | An indicator of the pressure on a country’s workers, the age-population ratio of (dependent) people who are not in the labor force to those (productive) people who are in the labor force. |
Special Economic Zone | Manufacturing and export center in China, created since 1980 to attract foreign investment and technology transfers. |
Economic Geography | The field of geography that focuses on the diverse ways in which people earn a living and on how the goods and services they produce are expressed and organized spatially. |
Overseas Chinese | The more than 50 million ethnic Chinese who live outside China. About two-thirds live in Southeast Asia, and many have become quite successful. |
Foreign direct investment | A key indicator of the success of an emerging market economy, whose growth is accelerated by the infusion of foreign funds to supplement domestic sources of investment capital. |
Buffer state | A country or set of countries separating ideological or political adversaries. |
State capitalism | Government-controlled corporations competing under free-market conditions, usually in a tightly regimented society. |
Conurbation | General term used to identify a large multimetropolitan complex formed by the coalescence of two or more major urban areas. |
Demographic burden | The proportion of a national population that is either too old or too young to be productive and that must be cared for by the productive population. |
Urban systems | A hierarchical network or grouping of urban areas within a finite geographic area, such as a country. |
Technopole | A planned techno-industrial complex (such as California’s Silicon Valley) that innovates, promotes, and manufactures the products of the postindustrial information economy. |