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Europe, Russia Terms
Europe & Russia Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Land hemisphere | The half of the globe containing the greatest amount of land surface, centered around the EU |
| City-state | An independent political entity consisting of a single city with or without an immediate hinterland |
| Local functional specialization | particular people in particular places that concentrate on the production of their own particular goods and services |
| Industrial Revolution | the social and economic changes in agriculture, commerce, manufacturing, and urbanization that resulted from technological innovations and greater specialization in late-the late 1700s in Europe |
| Complementarity | when two regions exchange raw materials and/or finished products to specifically satisfy each other’s demands |
| Transferability | the capacity to move a good from one place to another at a bearable cost; the ease with which something can be transported |
| Centrifugal forces | forces tending to divide a country, such as religious, linguistic, ethnic, and ideological differences |
| Centripetal forces | forces that unite and bind a country together, such as a strong national culture, shared ideological objectives, and a common faith |
| Supranationalism | A venture involving three or more states that use political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives |
| Four Motors of Europe | France, Germany, Spain, and Italy: Each is a high-technology-driven region marked by exceptional industrial vitality and economic success not only within Europe but also globally |
| Devolution | The process where regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government. An example is Canada |
| Microstate | A sovereign state that contains a minuscule land area and population. They don't have the attributes of “complete” states, but are still on the map as tiny, independent entities. An example is the Marshall Islands |
| Site and situation | Site: the internal locational attributes of an urban center, its local spatial organization and physical setting. Situation: the external locational attributes of an urban center, relative location or regional position |
| Conurbation | A large multimetropolitan complex formed by two or more major urban areas. An example is London or New York. |
| Shatterbelt | A region caught between stronger, colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals. Eastern Europe is a classic example. |
| Entrepot and Break of Bulk | A place, usually a port city, where goods are imported, stored, and transshipped. An example is Singapore. A break-of-bulk point is a place where goods are transferred from one transport to another, like the docks where goods transfer from ship to truck |
| Exclave | A bounded (non-island) piece of territory that is part of a particular state but lies separated from it by the territory of another state. An example is Alaska. |
| Continentality | The variation of the continental effect on air temperatures in the interior portions of the world’s landmasses. The greater the distance from an ocean, the greater the extreme in summer and winter temperatures |
| Forward capital | A capital city positioned in potentially contested territory, usually near an international border. An example is Rio de Janeiro |
| Command economy | The tightly controlled economic system of Soviet Union, where central planners in Moscow assigned the production of particular goods to particular places |
| Satellite state | The countries of eastern Europe under Soviet hegemony between 1945 -1989. This tier of countries, the “satellites” captured in Moscow’s “orbit” following World War II, was bordered on the west by the Iron Curtain and on the east by the USSR. |
| Distance decay | The various degenerative effects of distance on human spatial structures and interactions |
| Unitary state | A nation-state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state |
| Federal system | A system where political authority is divided between two autonomous sets of governments, one national and the other subnational. They both operate directly upon the people. |
| Double complementarity | When two areas each require the other's products |
Created by:
Charlotte101
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