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PEDS MID-TERM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A 15Y/O PT PRESENTS TO TH CLINIC WITH MARKED AR PIAN. ON EXAM TH EAR CANAL IS ERYTHEMATOUS AND TENDE,R AND EXUDATE IS NOTED. THE ETM IS INTACT AND NORMAL. PROPOSE HOW THE PT SHOULD BE MANAGED | TOPICAL FLUOROQUINOLONE |
| IDNETIFY THE ORGANISM THAT IS MOST COMMONLY ASSOCIATED IWTH UTI IN PDS | E-COLI |
| SAM IS 4 WEEKS OLD DX AT BIRTH W/ TEETRALOGY OF FALLOT. H JUST HAD SURGERY TO RPAIR TH DEFECT. POST OPERATIVELY HIS O2 SATS WAS 72%, PREDICT WHAT THIS POTENTIALLY INDICATS | RESIDUAL VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT |
| WHEN VALUATING TH EYES OF A 5 YEAR OLD, TH NP USS FLUOREESCEIN. DETRMIN WHAT FLUORESCIN STAINING DETCTS | CORNEAL ABRASION |
| JUSTY WHY DVLOPMENTAL THEORIS ARE USFUL IN PRACTICE | THEY FACILATE THE UNDERSTAIDG OF A CHILDS PERESNALITY, BEHAVIOR, AND PHYSICAL ABILITES |
| AT WHAT AG IS SXUAL DEVLOPMENT N BOYS AND GIRLS CONSDIERED PRCOCIOUS | PRIOR TO 8 IN GIRLS AND 9 IN BOYS |
| A 10 Y/O PRESENTS TO THE CLINIC WITH COMPLAINTS OF A FOREGN BODY SNSATIN TO THE EYE. PROPOSE A TOPICAL APPLICATION THAT CAN BE USED TO MANAGE THE CORNEAL ABRASION | ANTIBOTICS TO PREVENT INFECTION |
| IN TRATING STRP PHARYNGITIS, WHAT COMPLICATION CANNOT B PREVENTD WITH ANNTIBIOTICS | GLOMERUULONEPHRITIS |
| DETEERMINE TH MOST COMMON TRIGGER FOR AN ACUT ASTHMA PISODE IN YOUNG CHILDRN | UPPER RESSP. INFEC. |
| A NP IS EVALUATING A 2Y/O WHO PRSNTS TO TH CLINIC WITH COUGH, FVER, AND WHEEZING. THE NP DIAGNOSES THE PATIENT WITH VIRAL PNEUMONNIA. PROPOSE THE TREATMENT PLAN THAT THE NP SHSOULD PRESENT | ANTIPYRETICS AND FLUIDS FOR HYDRATION |
| DETERMINE THE FIRST STEP IN ESTABLISHING CULTURAL COMPETENCY | SELF-ASSESSMENT |
| CONCLUDE WHAT THE CLINICAN WOULD EXPECT TO SEE IN A CHILD WITH IDDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA | A RECENT VITAL ILLNESS AT LEAST 1-4 WEEKS PRIOR TO ONSET |
| A Y/O BOY OF MEDITERRANEA DESCENT WITH SEVERE ANEMIA, THROBO.... | SICKLED AND POLYCHROMATIC RBC AND HOWELL-JOLLY BODIES |
| A NP IS EVALUATING A CHILD FOR EPIGLOTTIS PREDICT HWO PATIENT WITH EPIGLOTTIS PREFER TO SIT | LEANING FORWARD WITH HANDS BRACED ON KNEES |
| MICHAEL A 4Y/O BOY IS JUST BEGINNING TO THNK INTUITEVELY BUT STIL MOSTLY FOCUSES ON HIMSELF. HE CAN SPEAK FULL SENTENCES, AND TELL YOU ABOUT TV SHOWS WHAT STAGE IS HE IN | PRE-OPERATIONAL STAGE |
| PROPOSE A RED FLAG IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A 6 YEAR OLD | HE IS UNABLE TO SIT STILL IN HIS CLASSROOM |
| AN 18M/O F HERE FOR F/U OF OTITIS MEDIA, HAD A 10-DAY COURSE OF HIGH DOSE AMOXICILLIN. PRESENTS WITH IRRITABILY, RED TYMPANIC MEEMBRANE, COPIOUS GREEN NASAL DISCHARGE AND FEVER. NEXT STEP? | A 10 DAY COURSE OF AUGMENTIN |
| A NP IS EVALUTING A CHILD WHO PRESNTS TO TEH CLINIC WITH A HX OF CONSTANT COLDS. PROPOSE A RISK FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIES | FAMILY HX OF ATOPY |
| AN NP IS EVALUATIN GA 5Y/O FOR REPEATED EAR INFECTIONS. PREDIC WHO WOULD BE A CANDIDATE FOR TUBES | A CHILD WIHT POOR DRAINAGE AS A RESULT OF NARROW AND HORIZONAL EUSTACHIAN TUBES |
| DETERMINE THE AREA THAT SHUOULD BE COVERED IN PROVIDING ANTICIPATORY FUIDANC EOF A 4 MONTH OLD | FALL PREVENTION, INTO OF SOLIDS, TEETHING |
| 12M/O F HERE FOR WELL CHILD VISIT WITH HER MOTHER . PREDICT HOW YOU KNOW SHE IS DEVELPOING AS EXPECTED | SHE IS ABLE TO TO WALK WHILE HOLDING MOMS HAND |
| FANCOI ANEMIA IS A RARE HEREDITARY DISORDER THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY WHICH OF HTE FOLLOWING | BONE MARROW FAILURE, CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CANCER |
| RECOMMEND THE TESTS THAT ARE MOST USEFUL IN DIAGNOSSING LEUKEMIA IN A CHILD | CBC WITH DIFF WBC, PLATELETS, AND RETICULOCYTE COUNT |
| TONIC CLONIC SEIZURE | last 10–30 seconds,contraction of the limbs followed by their extension followed by arching of the back (tonic phase). A cry due to contraction of the chest muscles, shaking of the limbs in unison (clonic phase).Bites tO.Tongue bites are also |
| TONIC SEIZURE | This involves constant contractions of the muscles. Breathing stops, which may cause cyanosis. |
| CLONIC SEIZURE | This involves shaking of the limbs in unison,10–30 minutes for an individual to return to normal after the shaking has stopped (i.e., postictal state or phase) INCONTIENCE The individual may bite his or her tongue either at the tip or on the sides. |
| MYOCLONIC SEIZURE | This involves spasms of the muscles in either a few areas or all over. |
| ABSENCE SEIZURE | This can be subtle, with only a slight turn of the head or eye blinking. The individual does not fall over and returns to normal right after it ends. |
| ATONIC SEIZURE | This involves the loss of muscle activity for more than 1 second. This typically occurs on both sides of the body. |
| CLASSIFICATIONS OF SEIZURES | SYMPTOMATIC, PROVOKED , CRYPTOGENIC, UNKNOWN |
| TYPES OF MS | CLINCIAL ISOLATED SYNDROME, PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE, SECONDARY PREOGRESSIVE, RELAPSSING - REMITTING |
| CLINCIAL ISOLATED MSSS | There is an attack suggestive of demyelination but does not fulfill the criteria for multiple sclerosis. Around 30 to 70% of persons who experience CIS later develop multiple sclerosis (MS). |
| PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE | 10–20% of individuals, with no remission after the initial symptoms. progression of disability from onset with no or only occasional and minor remissions and improvements. age of onset is later than that of the relapsing-remitting type and is similar to |
| SECONDARY PROGRESSIVE | This occurs in around 65% of those with initial relapsing-remitting MS who eventually have progressive neurological decline between acute attacks without any definite periods of remission. Occasional relapses and minor remissions may appear. The most co |
| RELAPSING REMITTING MS | unpredictable relapses followed by periods of months to years of remission Deficits that occur during attacks may either resolve (benign MS) or leave problems that are more common the longer that a person has had the disease.People build up some degree of |
| SYSTEMIC LUPUS | MALAR RASH, DISCOID RASH, PHOTOSENSITIVITY, MUCOUS MEMBRANE ULCERS, ARTHRITIS, SEROSITIS, RENAL ABNORMALITIES, NEURO ABNORM. BLOOD COUND ABNOR. +ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBOIDES, AUTO ANTIBODIES S |
| HYPOTHYROIDSM - NON SYSMPTOMATIC | The majority have few symptoms of hypothyroidism at birth (due to maternal T4 crossing the placenta) |
| HYPOTHYROIDISM-SMYMPTOMATIC | Symptoms that develop over the first few months of life include the following: Feeding problems Lethargy Hoarse cry Constipation Macroglossia Puffy face Large fontanels Hypotonia Dry skin Hypothermia Umbilical hernia Prolonged jaundice |
| HYPOTHYROIDSM- NEWBORN WITH JAUNDICE | This is associated with an unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. |
| HYPOTHYROIDISM- SIZE | Children may present with symmetrical thyroid enlargement and a moderately firm thyroid gland. |
| COMMON FX | BUCKLE, GREENSTICK, SPIRAL, SUPRACONDLR, CLAVICULAR, PHYSEAL, BOWING |
| SUPRACONDYLAR | Supracondylar fractures are the most common elbow fracture in children, typically occurring in children ages 3–6. Swelling may be severe usually associated with a significant trauma. treated by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning |
| BUCKLE FX | A buckle fracture occurs at the junction between the porous metaphysis and the denser diaphysis and typically follows compression injury, causing buckling of the cortex. The patient may present with tenderness over the bone; other symptoms may be minimal. |
| GREEENSTICK FX | incomplete fractures in which a bone that is bent with a fracture line does not extend entirely through the width of the bone, one side visible, complete fracture, and the opposite side has buckling due to compression. commonly found in patients with a g |
| BOWING FX | when a longitudinal force directed along the bone's shaft exceeds the bone's ability to recoil to its normal position, leading to the accentuation of the curvature bone, which indicates microscopic fractures within the periosteum of the bone. most commonl |
| idiopathic thrombocytopenia | increased bleeding time (increased platelet destruction) immune mediated usually follows infection |
| Recommend a form of therapy that may be helpful to an abused child. | art theraphy |
| Recommend a form of therapy that may be helpful to an abused child. | has more than 1 injury |
| Predict an example of emotional abuse. | degration |
| Determine how psychological child abuse is defined. | non accidental symbolic acts by a Childs parent |
| Determine an effect of emotional abuse. | social withdraw |
| Predict an effect of sexual abuse on a child. | sexual dysfunction |
| How do the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) define child abuse? | sexual abuse |
| Propose a risk factor that may predispose a victim of child sexual abuse toward contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? | multiple sexual partners |
| A clinician should suspect physical abuse when the child __________. | head trauma |
| Determine the long-term impact of physical abuse on a child. | delyaed development |
| Establish a form of physical abuse. | exerting anxity provokating behavour in child |
| Identify a sequella of physical abuse. | eating disorder |
| Determine a psychosocial development of child neglect. | impaired executieve functions |
| Identify a purpose of rational cognitive emotive behavior therapy. | positive relationships between abused children an their adoptive parents |
| Determine the role of the advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) in caring for an abused child. | facilitate care of abused child and thier families |
| Determine how psychological child abuse is defined. | social impairment as a result of inattention |
| Determine a psychosocial development of child neglect. | speech impediment |
| Determine an effect of emotional abuse. | insecurity |
| Determine the role of the advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) in caring for an abused chil | provide rsourcess to surviour of abuse |
| Propose a definition of child abuse. | psychological harm to a child that can occur anywhere |
| Propose how neglect is categorized. | emotional neglect |
| The clinician is considering the use of narcotics to manage chronic pain in her pediatric patient. Recommend what to factor into the decision. | combine with a non-narcotic to acheive control |
| Determine a reason to exercise caution with narcotic use in the pediatric population. | higher rissk of apnea |
| Recommend how the clinician should consider administering a narcotic medication to a child in pain. | transdermal |
| Identify a sign of distress in an infant. | thrashing |
| Identify a sign of distress in a toddler. | clinging to parent screaming |
| Propose what can be caused by acute pain. | reduced gastirc motility |
| The clinician is considering the use of narcotics to manage chronic pain in her pediatric patient. Recommend what to factor into the decision. | use pca pump |
| Identify a characteristic of acute pain. | readily obvious |
| Identify a myth about how a child experiences pain. | infants cannot feel pain |
| Determine a factor that influences how a child experiences pain | personality |
| Recommend a method of nonpharmacologic pain management in a child. | make play room a pain free zone |
| Predict why the clinician would consider using non-narcotic pain management. | for acute pain |
| Establish a contraindication for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use in children. | hypersensitvity reactions cardiac impairment coagulation defects reyes syndrome |
| Identify a harmful consequence of unrelieved pain. | higher reports of pain in adulthood poor cognition and motor function later medial treatments become more difficult ptsd |
| Propose a general adverse effect of a narcotic medication that may be experienced by a child. | disorentaiton, constipation, fatigue, hives, nausea, pruitis, resp. depression, vomiting |
| Identify a main principle in the law of dominance and unity. | 25% OF ALL OFFSPRING ARE HOMOZYGOUS WITH THE DOMINANT TRAIT |
| Predict how testosterone deficiency is manifested in Klinefelter syndrome. | LESS MUSCULAR BODY, LESS FACIAL AND BODY HAIR, BROADER HIPS |
| Propose what a child with Down syndrome is at risk for. | CERTAIN BLOOD CANCERS |
| Tommy is a tall and thin 16-year-old male. He seems sluggish, has trouble focusing, and appears to be uncoordinated. Upon further evaluation, he has gynecomastia, a short torso, and broad hips. A serum analysis has confirmed your diagnosis. TREAT? | BEHAVIORAL THERAPHY |
| Predict a neurologic deficit in Down syndrome. | DELAYED DEVELOPMENTAL MILETONES |
| Establish what Mendel's third law dictates. | In a dihybrid cross, each of the two alleles is inherited independently from the other. |
| Propose a variable symptom of 47 XXY. | PRIMARY HYPOGONADISM |
| Conclude which dental issue is present in a child with Down syndrome. | NECROTIZING ULCERTIVE GINGIVITIS |
| Janie is an obese 5-year-old who presents to the clinic for a new patient visit. Physical examination reveals a conductive hearing loss, a high waist-to-hip ratio, and low-set ears. . testing can confirm a diagnosis. | CHROMOSOME ANALYSIS |
| Propose a characteristic of Turner syndrome. | TYPICLLY NOT INHERITED |
| Identify a physical characteristic of a child with Down syndrome. | Unstable atlantoaxial joint |
| Conclude what trisomy 21 is associated with. | MILD INTELECTUAL INSTABILITY |
| Determine what causes a shorter life expectancy in children with Turner syndrome. | COARCTATION OF THE AORTA |
| Establish a symptom of Turner syndrome. | CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS |
| Identify a main principle in the law of dominance and unity. | At least 50% of all offspring are homozygous, unless both parents are homozygous recessive. |
| Establish what Mendel's third law dictates. | A 9:3:3:1 RATIO IS THE RESULT OF DYBRID |
| Predict a neurologic deficit in Down syndrome. | STUTTERING |
| Determine an implication of Mendel's second law. | The offspring of heterozygous parents differ in genotype and phenotype. |
| Identify a main principle in the law of dominance and unity. | THE FIRST GENERATION OF OFFSPRING HAVE THE SAME GENOTYPE IN PARENTS THAT CAREY ONE DOMINANT ALLELE EACH |
| FRAGILE X SYNDDROME X-linked dominant disorder. It occurs as a result of a mutation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene on the X chromosome | Mild-to-moderate intellectual disability,more males than females. Long and narrow face, Large ears, Flexible fingers, Large testicles, one-third have autism, hyperactive, seizures. |
| Marfan syndrome (MFS) | genetic disorder that affects connective tissue, |
| Determine the function of fibrillin. | IT IS ESSENTIAL FOR MAKING EXTRACELLUALAR MATRIX |
| You have evaluated a child with fragile X syndrome and are in the processes of ordering therapy for the child. Predict what would benefit this child. | SPEECH THERAPHY |
| Determine a key feature of FASD that is used in determining a diagnosis. | GROWTH DEF. |
| Establish why fetal alcohol syndrome is a problem. | EVEN SMALL AMOUNT CAN CAUSE BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS |
| Recommend a testing method that is useful in diagnosing fragile X syndrome. | SOUTHERN BLOT ANALYSIS |
| Identify a disorder belonging to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). | ALCOHOL RELATED BIRTH DEFECTS |
| Predict how the appearance of a child might be affected by prenatal exposure to alcohol. | CHILD MAY HAVE CLEFT PALATE |
| WHAT BITESS ACCOUNT FOR FREQUENT CAUSE OF PRIMARY CARE AND ED VISITSS ANDDD CAUSE MAJORIITY OF INFECTIONS | CAT BITERS |
| PREDDICT A COMMON COMORBID ONDITION WITH ADDHDD | LEARNING DISABILITY |
| PREDICT THE ACCURATE STATMENT WHEN EDUCATING A PAREN TON THE TREATMENT PLAN FOR HER CHILD PRESENTING WITH ANKLYLOGLOSSIA | RECOMMENDED TREATMENT NCLUDES FRENOTOMY |
| DETERMINE THE APPROPIRATE TREATMENT WHEN EVALUATING A PT PRESENTING WITH STREP PHARYNGITIS | PNC |
| A NP IS EVALUATING A ADOLESCEN FOR MOUTH SORES DETEMRINE THE PT WHO IS AT AN INCREASED RISK FO DEVELOPING APHTHOUS ULCERS | A 15Y/O F WITH ANEMIA |
| A MOM BRINGS 6Y/O CHILD TO CLINIC FOR EYE DISCOMFORT. THE CHILD IS COMPALINING OF BURNING AND ITCHING OF BOTH EYES, AS WELL AS A RUNNY NOSE. ON EXAM BILATERAL EYE ERYTHEMA, EDEMA OF NASSAL TURBINATES AND DMILD THROAT ERYTHEMNA. LIKLEY DX? | VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS |
| IDENTIFY A SIGN OF GERD IN CHILD OR ADOLESCENT | DENTAAL EROSION |
| AN NP IS EVALUATING A 5Y/O FOR HEAIRNG LOSS DETERMNE THE MOST COMMON CAUSSE OF REVERSIBL HEARING LOSS | IMPACTED CERUMEN |
| PROPOSE THEMOST COMMON FORM OF JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS | OLIGARTCULAR ARTHRITIS |
| AMY IS SOPHOMORE, FIRST PEROD AT 11, NO PEERIOD FOR 4 MONTHS, NO SEX/NOT PREGNANT, VSS, AVERAGE STATURE, SLIGHTLY OVEREWEIGHT, TSH IS 2.8, PROLACTIN IS 12, FSH IS 8, YOU DECIDE TO DO AN ESTROGEN-PROG. CHALENGE & GIVE HER PROGESTIN FOR 1 WEEK. DX? | POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROM |
| WHEN EVALUATING A PT FOR A HEAD SHAPE DISORDER TH ENP NOTED THAT THE HEAD WAS LESSS THAN TWE STANDARD DEVIATIONS BELOW THE MAN FOR HT EPTS AGE. PROPOSE TREATMENT? | NO TREATMENT CAN RETURN AN INFANTS HEAD TO NORMAL SIZE |
| PROPOSE MEDICAITON THAT CAN BE USED TO TREEAT A 10Y/O PT WITH ACID REFLEX | CIMETIDINE 10-20MG/KG/DAY PO IN DIVIDIED DOSSES Q6H |
| CONCLUDE WHAT IS CONSIDERED A CAUSE FO FAILURE TO THRIVE IN AN INFANT | GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX |
| DETERMINE AN ELEMENT OF THE FUNCTIONAL HEALTH DOMAIN IN PEDIATRIC ASSESMEN TINCLUDES | COPING AND STRESS MANG. |
| RECOMMEND WHEN A CHILD SHULD REECIVE THEIR FIRST TETANUS SHOT | 2 MONTHS |
| AN NP IS EVAL. A CHILD WHO PRESENTS TO THE CLINIC WITH A FOOT DISORDER. PREDICT THE SITUATIONWHEN THE PT SHOULD BE REFERRED TO AN ORTHO SURGEON | CHILD PRESENTS WITH RIGID PES PLANUS |
| DETERMIN ETHE MOST COMMON ETIOLOGY OF GROSS HEMATURIA IN A CHILD | UTI |
| DETERMINE THE ACCURATE STATEMENT ABOUT ADMINISTEINRG ANTIPYRETICS TO A CHILD WITH A FEVER | TREATING FEVER WITH ANTIPYRETICS IS OPTIONAL |
| WHEN EDUCATING A PARENT ON GENU VARUM TJHE NP IDENTIFIES WHAT UNCOMMON CHARACTERISTIC | EXTREME BOWIN THAT CONTINOUSS AFTER AGE 2 |
| PROPOSE A VACCINE THAT IS NOT ROUTINELY RECOMMENDED IN HIV INFECTED ASYMPTOMATIC CHILDREN | VZV |
| A NP IS EVAL. PT FOR SYSTEMIC-ONSET JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS. PREDICT A COMMON ASSOCIATION OF SYSTEMIC ONSET JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS | HIGH, DDAILY INTEMITTENT SPIKING FEVERS AND RASH |
| DETERMINE THE LEAST COMMON FOOD ALLERGY IN CHILDREN | SHRIMP |
| 4 Y/O JANIE IS VRY EXCITED ABOUT STARTING KINDERGARTEN NEXT YEAR. HER MOM BRINGS HER TO CLINIC FOR CHECK-UP. PREDICT WHAT WILL BEINCLUDED IN JANIES VISIT | HEARING AND VISITION SCREENING |
| A NP ISS EVALUATING A PEDS PT FOR A COMPLAINT OF EAR DISCOMFORT AND A FOREGN BOY TO THE RT. EAR. PREDICT HE SITUTAITON WHERE THE PT SHOULL DBE REFERRED TO AN OTOLARYNGOLOGIST FOR REMVALL OF FOREGN BODY TO THE EAR. | IF THE ITEM IS NOT RETRIEVEDD WITH THE FIRST ATTMEPT AT REMVOAL |
| ESTABLISH A PRINCIPLLE OF NEWBORN SCREENING PROGRAMS | TO ENSURE EARLY SCREEININ OF FUTURE OFFSPRING FOR HT EFAMILY OF AFFECTED INFANTS |
| PROPOSE A CONSISTEN DIAGNOSTIC FINDNG WITH X-LINKED AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA | DECREASED B CELLS |
| A 6 MONTH OLD CHILD HAS BEEN DDIAGNOSSED WITH MILD CROUP. DETEMINE THE APPROPIRATE TREATMNT PLAN FOR A PT PRESENTING WITH MILD CROUP | SINGLE DOSE OF ORAL DEXAMETHASONE |
| AN NP IS EVALUATING A 6 MONTH OLD FOR NASL DISCHARGE AND CONGESTION. PROPOSE CHARCTERITICS OF SYMPTOMS OF CROUP | BARKING COUGH |
| ESTABLISH THE MECHANISM FOR THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN IDIOPAATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURAA | ITPP IS AN IMMUNE - MEDIATED DISORDER INWHICH THE BLOOD DOES NOT CLOT PROPERLY |
| PREDICT A DEFINITE INDICAITON TO START ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMEN IN HIV INFECTED CHILDREN | PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII PEEUMONIA |
| 13Y/O GIRL W/ SCA IS ADMITTED FOR PAIN CRISIS. SAYS RT. ARM HURITNG YESTER TYLENOL W/ CODEINE PAINGOT WORSE. NO ROTINE MEDS, ADMITTED 5M AGO. CRIED THROUGH PHYSICAL. HAS PALLOR AND SLIGHT SCLERAL ICTERUS. FULL ROM. HEM7.9, WBC 17.8, PLATELET 583K. TREAT? | IV HYDRATION, HYDROMORPPHONE PT- CONTROLLED PCA AND CONTINOUS INFUSION |
| DETERMINE TH ETYPE OF GENOMIC CHANGE EXEMPLIFIED BY TRISOMY 21 | ANEUPLOIDY |
| WHEN EDUCATIN GA PARENT ONTHE RISKSS OF SIDS WHAT SHOULD BE INCLUDED | PPLACE THE CHILD TO SLEEP ON BACK FON FIRM MATTRESS |
| IDENTIFY A ED FLAG INTHE DEVELOPMENT OF 16Y/O M | HE IS DEFIANT AND HAS BEEN DRINKING AND DRIVING |
| NEWBORN M CIRCUMCED 1 DAY POSST BIRTH IN HOSPITAL. HAD PROLONGED BLEEDING FOR NEXT 5 DAYS WITH PRESSURE BANDGE AND HEEL STICKS HAD LONG BLEEDTIME. PTT>200,D-DIM>35.2, FIBRINOGEN 103, FACTOR VIII<1, FACTOR IX IS 9, VON WILL FAC IS 134. MOST LIFE THREATNING | INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE |
| MELANOCYTIC NEVI MOLES REPRESNT PROLIFERATION OF A TYPPE OF MELANOCYTE KNOWN AS THE NEVUS CELL. DETRMINE A FACOTR THA TIS ASOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEVI | DEGREE OF SUN EXPOSURE DURING CHILDHOOD IS AN ASSOCIATED FACTOR. |
| CENTRAL PRECOUSIS PUBERTY | CAUSED BY EARLY ACTIVATION OF HYPOTHALNIC PITUTYAR GONADAUL AXIS (TRUE PRE PUB) |
| PERIPHERAL PRECOCITY PRECOUS PUBERITY | CAUSED BY EXCESSS SECRETION OF SEX HORMONESSS(ESTROGEN OR ANDROGENS) FROM THE GONADS OR ADRENAL GLANDS EXOGENOUSS SOURCES OF SEX STERIOD OR ECTOPIC PRODUCTION OF GONADOTROPIN FROM A GERM-CELL TUMOR, OR OVARIAN CYSST |
| 4 TYPES OF JUVENILE IDIOPATJIC ARTHRITIS | OLIGOARTICULA,R POLYARTICULAR, SYSTEMIC, ENTHESITIS-RELATED. |
| TRREATMENT OF JIA | GOASL: KEEP MOVILEE, LIMIT DAMAGE, DECRREASE PAIN. 1ST LINE: NSAIDS 2ND: WEEKLY METHOTREXATE SEVERE MAY NEED HIP/KNEE REPLACEMENT |
| SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHMOTUS | CHRONIC AUTOIMMUNE INFLAMMATORY DISEASE. AFECTS ANY ORGAN SYSTEM BUT MOSTLY SKIN, JOINTS, KIDNEYS, NERVOUS, HEMATOLGIC, AND CADIO. COMMON AGE 9-15 FEMALES. 2-3X HIGHER BLACKS |
| COMMON ITIAL S/SS OF SLE | FEVER, WT. LOSS, FATIGUE, FOR WEEKS-MONTHS. NON-PAINFUL ARTHRITIS OF SMALL JOINTS AND COMMONLY RENAL DISEASE. CAN AFFECT ALL SYSTEMS REALLY |
| SLE TREATEMENT GOALS | REFER TO RHEUMATOLOGY GOALS: LONGER SURVIVAL, INCREASE QULITY OF LIFE, DECEAAE DISSEASE ACTIVATION, MINIMIZE DRUG TOX, PEVENT ORGAN DAMAGE, EDUCATION |
| SLE TREATMENT- MAINSTAY TREATMENT | MAINSTAY : PREDNISSONE NSAIDS, ANTIMALAIRAL DUGS, CORTICOSTERIODSS, METHOTRESXATE, IMMUNOSUPPRIVE DUGS |
| SLE LAB FINDINGS | HEMATOLIGICAL COMPS, HYPOCOMPLEMENTEMIA, AUTOANTIBODIES (ANA-DOUBLE STRAND DNA, EXTRACTABLE NUCLEA ANTIGENS) ANTIPHOSPHOLIIPD ANTIBOD, VIT D DEF. CBC PROBS, LIKE LEUKEMIA, ANEMIA, THROMBOCTOPENIA, ESR COMMON INFLAMMATION MARKER. DX. BY CLINICAL JUDGMENT |
| JUVENILE FIBROMYALGIA | CHRONIC AND DIFFUSE MUSKLOSSKELETAL PAIN, FATIGUE, NON-RESSTORITVE SLEEP. SENSITIZATION HOW BRAIN INTERPRETSS PAIN EARLY ADOLESCENT FEMALES MOSTLY DX. CRITERIA: YUNUS&MASSI CRITEERIA |
| JUVENILE FIBROMYALGIA TREATMENT | MULTIDISCPLINARY PSSYCHE, CLINICANS, REHAB, COGNITVE, BEHAVIOURAL, PHARM, PHYSICAL, EDUCAITON |
| YUNUS AND MASSI CRITERIA FOR WHAT PROBLEM ? | NEED DALL 4 MAJOR S/S (ACHE 3 SITESS FOR 3 MONTHSS, NORMAL TEST, FIVE TENER POINTS NEED AT LEAST 3 OF MINOR S/S (ANXIETY, FATIGUE, IBS, HEADACHE, NUMBNESS, PAIN WITH WEATHER, ANXIETY, ACTIVITY |
| ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER | OCCURS 2-4 WEEKS POST GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS PHARRYNGITIS MANIFESTS: ARTHRITIS, CARDTIS, CHOREA, ERYTHEMA MORGINATUM, SUBQ NODULES. COMMN GIRLS & BLKS |
| ARF TRREATMENT | ANTIBIOTICS, ASPRINDD, CORTICOSTERROIDS, |
| ARF ANTIBIOTIC CHOICES | 1ST: PNC-G BENZATHINE IM Q4 WEEKS OR PCN-V 250MG PO BID IF ALLERGIC TO PCN: SULLFADIAZINE IF ALLERGIC TO PCN&SULFA: ERYTHRROMYCIN 250 BID OR AZITHRRO/CLATHRYZIN |
| IMMUNE RESPONSE TIRGGERRED BY INFEC. OF PHARYNX W/ GROUP A STREP IS | SENSITIZATION OF B-LYMPHOCYTES BY STREP ANTIGENS FORMATION OF ANTI-STREP ANTIBODYS FORMATION OF IMMUNE COMPLEXES THAT CROSS-REACT W/ CARDIAC SARCOLEMA ANTIGENS MYOCARRDIAL & VALVULAR INLAMMATORY RESPONSE |
| MAJOR RISK FACTORS OF ARF | CARDITIS (LIFE THREATNING HEART FAILURE VALVULITS (USUALLY MITRAL VALVE) CARDIAC FAILURE VALVE REPLACEMENT LIFE LONG MEDIAL MANG. |
| RISK FACTORSS ASS. WITH RECURRANC EOF ARF | POOR ADHEARANCE TO SECONDARY PROPHYLAXIS INCREAEED # OF PREVOUS ATTACKS SSHORTER TIME IN BETWEEN ATTACKS INCREASE EXPOSURE TO STREP INFEC. YOUNG AGE HX CARDITIS |
| 3 OCCURNENCE WHEN DX. OF ARF CAN BE MADE WITHOUT STRICT ADHEARNACE TO CRITERIA | RHEUMATIC FEVER MANIFEST SSOLEY AS SYDENHAM CHOREA (RAPID UNCORDINATED JERKING MOVEMENTS OF FACE, HANDS FEET) LONG STANDING CARDITIS RECURRENT ARF IN PT WITH HX ARF ASS. CARDITISOR RHEUM.HEART.DISEASE |
| POST STREP REACTIVE ARTHRITIS | NOT CAUSED BY ARF (DOESNT MEET CRITERIA) PRESNETS IN7-10 DAYS OF GABHS SHOTER ONSET NOT RESPONSIVE TO ASSPRIN NO CARDITIS ACUTE PHASE REACTANTS MUST R/O LYME AND RA FIRST |
| POST STREP REACTIVE ARTHRITIS TREATMENT | MONITOR FOR CARDITIS FOR MONTHS PRESCRIBE SECONDARY ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS FOR 1 YEAR REPEAT ECHO @ 12-24MONTHS ANY EVIDENCE OF VALVULAR DISEASE AFTER 1 YEAR SHOULD CONTINUE PRROPHYLAXIS |
| PRIMARY IMMUNE DEF. 4 TYPES | GENETIC (INFANCY/CHILDHOOD) ANTIBODY, T&B CELL, PHAGOCYTIC, COMPLEMENT RECURENT INFEC. W/ FUNGAL OR UNCOMON BACTERIA STRONGEST RISK FACTOR FAMILY HX X-LINKED - AFFECTS MALES MOE |
| ANTIBODY DISORDER | MOST COMMON PRIMARY IMMUNO DEF. ABSENCE OR PRESCENCE OF B CELLS AND IF NORMAL QUALITY AND QUANITY. STARTS ONCE MATERNAL IMMUNITY FROM PLACENTA LEAVES (3MON) RECURRENT PARTIALLY ENCAPSULATED ANNTIGEN (STREP, PENUMO, H.INFLU) SCREEN FOR ANTIBOD(IG-GAIE |
| COMMON ANTIBODY DISRODERS | AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA NO B CELLS BORN WITH NO TONSILS OR LYMPH |
| ANOTHER COMMON ANTIBODY DISORDER | HYPOGAMAGLOBULNEMIA,: ABNORMAL RESSPONNSE OF IG'S TO VACCINES OR BY LOW OR DEF. LEVELS OF ANY IG'S |
| PRIMARY T-CELL DISORDERS | UNUSAL SENSITIVITY TO VIRUS, FUNGI, SOME PARASITES ABSENCE OR PESENCE OF T-CELLS AFFECTS HOW T-CELLS MATURE OR BECOME ACTIVE T-CELL DEF LEAD TO B-CELL DISORDERS |
| SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEF. (SCID)Y - ciTy | MOST SEVERE T CELL DISORDER INFANNTS- EMERGENT- LIFE THREAT. WILL DIE BY AGE 2 IF UNTREATED SEVERE ROUTINE INFEC: DIARH, FAIL TO THRIVE, OPPURTUNISTIC. INFEC. , BABYS <3MON. PNA, SKIN, THRUSH, DIAPER RASH. |
| SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEF. CANT HAVE AND WILL NEED | NO LIVE VACCINES NEED BONE MARROW TRASNPLANT |
| COMPLOMENT DISORDER | INVOLVE INFEC. WITH ENCAPSULATED ORAGANISM AND ARE OFTEN NEISSERIA INFEC. TESST FOR TOTAL HEMOLYTIC COMPLNT ACTIVITY (THC) AND CH50 ASSAY - THESE ARE RELIABLE TESTSS |
| PHAGOSTIC DISORDERS | RESULTS FROM ABNORMALITES IN MONOCYTESOR NEUTROHILS INITAL LABS LOOK FOR NEUTROPENIA MOST COMMON INFEC. SITES RESP AND SKIN ALSO SEE ABNOR WOUND HEALING, TISSSUE/ORGAN ABSCESSS, STOMATITS, DERMATITS (ECZEMA) DELAY GROWTH |
| COMMON PHAGOCYTIC DIEASE | CHRNIC GRANULOMATOUS DISSEASE CONGEENTIAL NNEUTROPENIA LEUKOCITE ADHESION DEF. TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR PATHWAY DEFECT PHAGOCYTIC UNABLE TO KILL CATALASE+ |
| PRIMARY IMMUNE DEF. LABS | -PRESENCEOF LYMPHOCYTOPENIA(NOT ENOUGH WBC)- SUGGESTS T-CELL DISORDER -NEUTROPENIA (LOW NEUTRPHILS) SUGGESTS PHAGOCYTIC DISORDER ABNORMLA SERUM (IG) LEVELS- B-CELL DISORRDER ABNORM ASSAY OF CLASSSIC/ALTER COMPLEMENT PATHS IS COMPLENT DISSEASE |
| SECONDARY IMMUN DEF. | ACQUIRED OR ASSOCIATED WITH UNDERLYING DIISORER NOT CONGENITAL OCCURS WHEN IMMUNE SYTEM IS COMPROMISED D/T ENVIR. FACTORS SECONDARY MORE COMMON THAN PRIMARY MOST COMMON CAUSE: MALNUTRITION ALSO SYSTEMIC DISORDER, IMMUNOSUPP HIV, PROLONG ILL, CHEMO,BUR |
| GENU VALGUM | KNOCK-KNEE ANGLE TOWARDS MIDLINE AGE 3-5 TILL 8Y/O FEMALES MOSTLY SELF CORRECTSS COULD BE: SKELETAL DYSPLASIA, RICKETS, GENETIC DISORDER |
| GENU VARUM | BOWLEG & IN-TOWING INCREASES FALLS POINTS AWAY FROM MIDLINE USUALLY SECONDARY TO TIBIAL ROTATION NORMAL BIRTH-3Y/O MORE FEMALES |
| PATHOLGICAL CAUSES OF GENU VARUM WHEN TO SEND TO ORTHOPEIDC | BLOUNT DISEASE NUTRIONAL RICKETS INFECTION TRAUMA SKELETAL DYSPLASIA NEOPLASM(ABNORM GROWTH) REFER: UNILATERAL BOWING, PERSIST>2Y, SHORTNESS, BOW INCRESE NOT DECREASE |
| TIBIAL TORSIN | MOST COMMON IN-TOWING CAUSE NORMAL RESULTS OF INTRAUTERIINE POSIITION 20DEGREE@BIRTH NOT PRESENT IN PREMATURES BILATERAL USUALLY RESOLVE SPONTANOUSLY MAY GO THROUGH TEENAGE YEARS LAXITY OF KNEE LIGS=EXCESS INTERAL ROTATION |
| FEMORAL ANTEVERSION AND CAUSES | MEDIAL FEMORAL TORSION INCREASSED INTERNAL ROTATION & DECREASE EXTERNAL ROTATION AT HIP IN-TOWING BEYOND AGE 2-3 GENETICS, INTRAUTRINE MOLDING, FEMALES DX BY AGE 3-6 |
| CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMORAL ANTEERSION AND TREATMENT | WHEN STANDING PATELLA FACES MEDIALLY WALKING-TOE & PATELLA POINT TOWARD MIDLINE EGG BEATER/WINDMILL PATTERN WHEN RUNNING PREFERE SITTING IN W, NOT CROSLEG ENCOURAGE EXTERANL ROTATION EXCERCISE |
| LEG-CALVE PERLES DISEASE | IDIOPATHIC OSTEONECROSIS OF FEMORAL HEAD D/T BLOOD SUPPLY CHILDREN 3-12, MORE IN WHITES, CAN BE BILATEAL NO TRAUMA HIP/GROIN PAIN, MILD ANTTERIOR THIGH OR KNEE PAIN, HX OF LIMP, INCREASED PAIN WITH ACTIVITY |
| PHYSSICAL EXAM OF LEGG CALVE PERTLESS DISEASE | +ROLL TEST, + TRENDELBURG <ROM, PAINFUL GAIT, MUSCLE SPASM, LIMP, UNEQUAL LEG LENGTH, MUSCLE ATROPHY, SHORT STATURE |
| WHEN DO YOU DO PALIN RADIOGRAPHS FOR SPRAINS | CANT WALK BONE TENDER NAVICULAR BONE BASSE OF 5TH METATARSAL LATERAL OR MEDIAL MALLEOLUS |
| PES PLANUS | FLAT FOOT LAXITY OF SSOFT TISSUES CAUSES LOSS OF LONGITUDAL ARCH X-RAY CLASSIFICATON BASED ON DEGREE OF DEPRESSION OF LATERAL TALOMETATARSAL ANGLE |
| RIGID PES PLANUS VS. FLEXIBLE PES PLANUS | RIGID: <ROM AT TARSAL & SUBTALOR JOINTS ARCH DONT INCREASE W/ TOE RAISISNG REFER TO ORTHO SURGON |
| FLEXIBLE PES PLANUS | PHYSIOLOGIC OR PATHOLOGIC BONY ABNORMALITY MOTOR WEAKNESS IN FEET MUSCLE LIGOMEN LAXITY TYPES: FUNCTIONAL, HYPERMOBILE, CLINICAL TREAT WITH STRETCHING AND SHOES |
| CENTRAL HYPOTHYROIDISM | TSH LOW, NORMAL,OR SLIGHT ELEVATED ASS. W/ LOW TOTAL T4 & FT$ SERUM PROLACTIN MAY CAUSE GALACTORRHEA (MIKL DISCHARRGE) D/T DEFFEC IN PITUITARY GLAND OR HYPOTHALMUS |
| CONGENTIAL HYPOTHYRODISM | COMMON CAAUSE IS DYSGENESIS (DEFECT DEVELPMENT OF THYROID) OR DYSHORMONOGENIS(PROBLEM SYNTHESIZING THYROID HORMNOE) MOST COMMON CAUSE WORLDWIDE- IODINE DEF. FAILUR OF THYROID TO MIGRATE APLASIA OR HYPOPLASSIA (DOESNT DEVELOP OR ONLY PARTIALLY) |
| TYPEES OF CONGENITAL HYPOTHYOIDSM | ACQUIRED, CONGENITAL, PIRMARY(DEFECT IN THYRROID GLAND), CENTRAL(DEFECT PITUTARY OR HYPOTHAL) |
| HYPOTHYROID TREATMENT | ORAL LEVOTHYROXINE (75-100MCG/M2/D) FOR ACQUIRED HYPO INFANTS (FULL, PREMIE, LOW BITH WT)W/ CONGENITAL : INTIAL DOS 10-15MCG INFANTS W/ SEVERE 12.5-15 MAY TAKE FEW WEEKS TO FFIX |
| SCREENING METHODS FOR THYROID | INITAL BLOOD THYROXIN (T4) ASSAY W/ F/U TSH IF T4 IS LOW OR DO BOTH T4&TSH SIMULTANOUSLY |
| CONSEQUENCES OF HYPOTHYROID | BONE AGE DELAY CARDIOMEGALY LONG STANING PRIMARY HYPTHYRROIID THYROTROPHIC HYPERPLASIA LARGE SELLA OR PITUITARY |
| PRIMARY HYPOTHYROID | D/T EFECT SIN THYRROID GLAND INADEQUATE PRODUCTION OF THYROIID HORMONE ELEVATION OF TSH TOTAL FT4 &T4 LEVELS MAY BE LOR OR NORM |
| SERUM TEEST INTERPRETATIONS (3) | LOW SERUM FREE T4 W/ HIGH TSH= PRIMARY HYPOT. TREAT ASSAP NORMAL T4 W/ HIGHT TSH=SUBCLINICAL HYPOT TREAT IF TSH IS SIGNIFICANT (>10)AFTER AGE 4WEEK LOW SERUM T4 W/ LOW OR NORM TSH=CENTRAL START TREAT UNLESS PREMATURE |
| HORMONE DISORDERS | COMMON W/ ENDOCRINE DISORDER SOMATOSTAIN INHIBITS SECREATION GH DEF. CHARACT. BY SHORT STATURE EXCESSIVE GH RR/T PITUITARY ADENOMA EPIPHYSES OPEN=GIGANTISM EPIPHYSES CLOSED=ACROMEGLY |
| HOW IS GROWTH HORMON SECRETED | ANTEROR PITUITARY GLAN DPRODUCES GH GH-RELEASING HORMONE (GHRH)STIMULATES SECRETION OF GH |
| PRECIOUS PUBERTY TREATMENT | GnRH AGONIST - WORKSS BY POVIDNG CONTINOUS STIMULATION OF THE PITUTARY GONADOTROPHIN AND SUPPESSSION OF GONADOTROPIN SECRETION MONTHLY SHOT OR SQ ANUAL IMPLANT MOST EFFECTIVE IN YOUNGER PTS, COMMON IN GIRLS |
| OBESITY RANGESS | COMORB: SLEEP APNEA, CARDOVASCULA, ENDOCRINE, MENTAL,M PULMONARY,M ORTHOPEDIC, GALLBLADER SCREEN FOR LYSLIPEDIA, HTN, DMII, FATTY LIVER(ALT) OVER>85-94 OBESE>95 SEVERE>120 |
| DM | DMII=INSULIN RESITANCE DX BASED ON 1 OF 4 SIGNS: FASTING BS >126 MORE ONCE, RANDOM VENOUS BS >200, BS>200 2H POST 1.75G SUGAR, AIC> 6.5 AGE 4-6/10-14 |
| PROPOSE A CHARACTERIZATION OF LEISONS ASS. W/ TINEA INFECTIONS | ROUND PURITIC, ERYTHROMATOUS PLAQUSS THAT GROW CENTRIFUGELY |
| 17Y/O COMES IN FOR IRRITATION TO GROIN, LOOKS LIKE TINEA CURIS. | COMMON CAUSTIIVE AGENT IS EPIDERMOPHYTON FLOCCOSUM T. RUBRRUM, T. MENTAGROPHYTES |
| TINEA VERSICOLOR | COMMONLY SEEN IN TEENS D/T HIGH SEBACEOUS GLAND ACTIITY |
| 6y/o with tinea corporis: treatment or mangement : | oral: turbinifine, itraconazole. can use grisefULVIN AND FLUCONAZOLE BUT MAY REQUIRE LONGER TREATMENT. TOPICAL ANTIFUNGS INCLE AZOLES, ALLYLAMNES, BUTENAFINE, CICLOPIROXM AND TOLNAFTATE WORK WELL |
| 5Y/O WITH RASH AND ITCHING. FACTOR R/T TRANSMISSION OF DERMATOPHYTE INFECTIONS | CONTACT WITH INFECTED PETS |
| DDERMATOPHYTE INNFECTIONS | TOPICAL ANTIFUNGAL AND CREAMS REDUCE SUPERFICIAL SCALING IDENTIFICATION OF TINEA IS BASED ON BODY PART |
| COMMON PRESENTAITON OF TINEA CAPITISS | TENDER ERYTHMATOUS AREA WIITH BROKENN HAIRS AT SCALP LEVEL |
| HIGH RISK FOR DDEVELOPING TINEA VERSICOLOR | SWEATS EXCESSIVELY |
| TINEA CRURIS SPREAD? | THROUGH DIRECT AND INDIRECT CONTACT INCLUDING SEXUAL ACTIVITY |
| TREATMENT PREVENTION FOR TINEA INFECTIONS | SHAMPOO WITH SELENIUM TO PREVENT SOME FUNGAL INFECTIONSS |
| MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOUSUM | POXVIRUS THAT INDUCES THE EPIDERMIS TO PROLIFFERATE |
| PT WITH SCABIES MAY NEED | ANTIHISTAMINES FOR PURITUS |
| 8Y/O HAS WAXY FIRM PAULE WITH CENTRAL UMBILICATION, | MOLLUSCUM CONTTAGIOSUM |
| MANAGEMENT MEASURE OR TRREAMENT FOR PT WITH ATOPIC DERMATITIS | ALIMINAE ALL SUBSTANCES THAT DRY THE SSKN |
| MACULE | LESION THAT IS LESS THAN 1 CM AND HAS A FLAT CIRCUSCIBED COLOR CHANGE |
| APPROPRIATE TREATMET FOR SEBORRHEA INFANTS | MINERAL OIL TO LOOSEN SCALES PRIOR TO BATHING LOW POTENCY TOPICAL STEROID |
| HEMANGIOMA | VASCULAR LESION THAT TMAY OR MAY NOTT FADE AS SHE GETS OLDER |
| GOAL OF TREATTMENT OF HEMANGIOMA | PREVENTING OR MINIMZING SKIN DISSFIGURMENT |
| MELENOMA | RARE IN PREPUBITTAL CHILDRREN PTT MAY PRRESENT WIHT ASYMTRRICAL LESION SWITH IRRREGULAR BORDERS LOCAL EXCISION AND PATHOLOGIC EXAM SHOULD BE PERFORRMED |
| ATOPIC DERMITITS | ASSOCIATTED WIHT FAMILIAL PREDISPOSITION COMMON IN INFANTS |
| CAFE AU LAIT MACULES | PRESENCE OF SIX OR MORE SUCH LESION THAT ARE MORE THAN 1.5CM IN GREATEST DIAMETER IS A MAJOR DIAGNOSTIC CRITERION FOR NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE1 |
| INFANT BORN WITH HAMARTOMA OF DIFFERENTIATED CELLS THAT RETAIN THEIR NORMAL FUNCTION | PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS |
| PSORIASIS TREATMENT | TOPICAL CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS |
| PSORIASIS CHARACTERISTTICS? | ROUND ERTHMOUTOUS WELL MARGINATTED PLAQUES |
| USUAL ONSET OF AGE OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS | 2-3 MONTHS |
| RRED, RUBBERY VASUCLAR TUMOR | HEMANGIOMA |
| RECOURRANC OF CAFE AU LAIT MACULES | IS COMMON |
| CONGENTTIAL MELANCYTIC NEVI | GIANT LESIONS USUALLY MEASSURE AT 40-60CM` |
| CONGENIAL DERMAL MELANOCYTOSISS - SOMETIMES MISTAKEN FOR BRUISE, FLAT WITH IRREGULAR SHAPE AND UNCLEAR EDGES, 2-10CM WIDE OR LARGER | AKA MONGOLIAN SSPOTS MOST COMMON PIGMENTED LESION IN NEWBORNS BLUE-BLACK MACULE FOUN OVER LUMBOSACRAL AREA IN 90% OF INDAINS, BLACKS, ASIAN. ARE SPINDLE SHAPED PIGMENT CELLS SUSPENDED DEEP INN THE DERMIS, FADE OVER YEARS, TRACES STILL SEEN |
| CAFE AU LAIT MAULES | LIGHT BROWN, SHARPLY DEMARCATED, OVAL HYPERPIGMENTED MACULES (DARK BROWN ON BROWN OR BLACK SKIN)CAN BE FOUND ANYWHERE ON BODY |
| MELANOCYTIC NEVI | MOLES |
| NEVUSS | HAMARTOMA-LOCAL MALFORAMTION OF CELLS RESSEMBLING A NEOPLSSM OF LOCAL TISSUE OF HIGHLY DIFFERENTIATED CELLS THT RETAIN THEIR NORMAL FUNCTION. NOT WORYSSOM |
| MELANOMA | DIAMTER >6MM, IRREGULAR BORDERS, ASYMMETRY, VARIABLE PIGMENTATION, CHANGE IN APPEARNCE OF A LONGSTAING PIGMENTED LESION |
| ULCERATION AND BLEEDING OF MELANOMA | SIGN OF ADVANCED MELANOMA |
| CONGENITAL MELANOCYTIC NEVI | DARK COLORED, HAIRY PATCHY OF KSSN , PRESENT AT BIRTH , COMPOUND NEVI WITH MELANOCYTES, OFTEN TRACKIN GAROUND HAIR FOLICLES AND OTHER ADNEXAL STRUCTURE SSDIEEP I NDERMIS AND SQ |
| PORT-WINE STAINS | NEVUS FLAMMEUS |
| NEVUS FLAMMEUS | PORT-WINE STAIN- CONGENITAL LOW FLOW VASCULA RMALFORMATIONOF DERMAL CAPILLARIES AND POSTCAPILLARY VENULE S, FLAT AND PAINLESS |
| SALMON PATCHES | TRANSIENT CAPILARY VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS (NEVUS SIMPLEX/SALMON PATCH) SINGE OR MULTIPLE BLANCHABLE PINK-RED PATCHES IN NEWBORNS COMMONLY ON UPPER EYELIDS, GLABELLA, AND MIDLINE OF THE NAPE OF THE NECK, ALSO NOSE, SCALP, BACK AND UPPER LIP, USUALLY FADE |
| PATCH | ANY FLAT CIRCUMSCRIBED COLOR CHANGE IN THE SKIN <1CM |
| PAPULE | SOLID, ELEVATED AREA <1CMIN DIAMTER WHOSE TOP MAY BE POINTEDM ROUNDED OR FLAT |
| PLAQUE | SOLID CIRCUMSCRIBED AREA >1CM IIN DIAMTER , USUALLY FLAT TOPPED |
| VESICLE | CIRCUMSCRIBED, ELEVATED LESION <1CM IN DDDIAMTER AND CONTAINS CLEARR SEROUS FLUID |
| BULLA | CIRCUMSCRIBED,M ELEVATED LESION >1CM IN DIAMTER AND CONTTAING CLEAR SEROU SFLUID |
| PUSTULE | VESICLE CONTAING A PUULENT TEXUDATE |
| NODULE | DEEP SEATED MASS WITH INDISTINCT BORDDERS THAT ELEVATES TEH OVERLYING EPIDERMIS |
| WHEAL | CIRCUMSCRIBED FLAT-TOPPED, FIRM ELEVATION OF SKIN RESULTING FROM TENSE EDEMA OF THE PAPILLARY DERMIS |
| SECONDARY CHANGES | SCALES, LICHENIFICATION,M EROSION AND OOZING,M CRUSTS, FISSURES, SCARS, ATROPHY |
| LICHENIFICATION | INDURATION OF SKIN WITH EXAGGERATED SKIN LINES AND SHINY SURFACE RESULTING FROM CHRONIC RUBBING OF THE SKIN |
| FISSURES | LINEAR SSPLIT IN THE SKIN EXTENDIN THROUGH THE EPIDERMIS INTO DERMIS |
| ATROPHY | DEPRESSION OF THE SKINSURFACE CAUSE DBY THINNIN OF ONE OR MORE LAYERS OF SKIN` |
| PSORIASIS | SYSTEMATIC, IMMUNE -MEDIATED INFLAMMATION WITH WELL-DEMARCATED, ERYTHEMATOUSS PLAQUES WITH ADHERENT , MICACEOU SCALES. |
| PSORIASIS TREATMENT | TOPICAL CORTICOSTTEROIDSS, CALCINEURIN, VIT. D ANALOGS, FLUOCINONIDE 0.05% LIDES, OR CLOBETASOL TEMOVATE BID |
| UNCORRECTED CLUB FOOT | FOOT INFECTION |
| CONGENITAL HEART DEFCTS CAN PRESESTTN CYANOTIC AND ACYANOTIC DEPDIN GUPON WHICH PART OF HEART IS AFFECTED WHICH ONES ARE BOTH | TETROLOGY OF FALLOT, COARCH OF AORTA, AORTIC STENOSIS |
| WHAT CAN HAPPEN IN CHILD WIT UNTREATED PHENYLKETONURIA | SEIZURES |
| SYNDROMATIC CLEFT AS. WITH GENETIC SYNDROMEE | TEACHER COLLINS |
| CYANOTIC CARDIAC DEFECT | HYPOPLASTIC LT. HEART SSSYNDROME |
| SYMPTOM OF SPINA BIFIDA | PRESSSURE SORES |
| OPEN SSPINAL BIFIDA | MOST SEVERE FOM OF MYELOCELE (ANOTHERR WORD FOR SPINAL BIFIDA) |
| HOW DETERMINE DX OF SEPTAL DETECT ADN WHETHER IS ATRIAL OR VENTRICULAR | ECHOCARDIGRAM |
| CONFIRM DX OF SPNA BIFIDA | MATERNAL SERUM TESTN GOF ACETYLCHOLINESTERAE |
| SYNDDROMIC CLEFT ASS. WITH GENETIC SYNDROME | patau syndrome FACAIL DYSSMORPHIM |
| types of club foot | VARUS, EQUINUSS |
| FOOD HIGH IN PHENYLALANINE | WATERCRESSS, DAIRY MEAT CHEESSE |
| HOW IS PHENYLEKTONURIA DETECTED | GUTHRIE TEST |
| WHITE PARKINSSONS SYNDROME | CYANOTIC CARDIAC DEFECT |
| CAUSES OF CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS | RUBELLA, DM, OBESITY, NUTRIONAL DEF. PHENYLKETONURIA, SLE, ALCOHOL, HYDANTOIN, LITHIUM, THLIDOMIDE, TOBACCO, CLOSE RELATED PARENTS, |
| SPINAL BIFIDA OCCULTA | MILDEST FORM WITH NO SIGNS OR MILD SIGNS, HAIRY PATCH, DIMPLE, BIRTHMARK |
| SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA | MENINGOCELE-LEAST COMMON FORMMENINGES HERNIATE BETWEEN THE VERTEBRAE, |
| MYELOMENINGOCELE OR MENINGOMYELOCELE | MOST SEVERE FORM- OPEN SPINA BIFIDA- AFFECTS MENINGES AND NERVES IMPAIRED BLADDER, LATEX ALLERGY , LOSS OF BOWEL CONTROL,HYDROCEPHAUS, POOR ABILTY TO WALK, TETHERED SPINAL CORD |
| PHENYLKETONURIA | MORE COMMON, AFFECTS BOYS /GIRLS EQUALLY. CAUSES DECREASED METABOLISM OF PHENYLALANINE. AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE METABOLIC GENETIC DISORDER. RESULTS IN LACK OF FUNCTION OF HEPATIC ENZYME PHENYLALANINE DYDROXYLASE SO TOXIC FROM DIET (SHOULDB TURNED TYROSINE |
| PHENYLKETONURIA MECHANIM OF ACTION | NORMALY PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE BREAKS DOWNN PHENYLALANINE TO TYROSINE, INSSTEAD D/T LIVER FUNCNTION IT IS COVERTED TO PHENYLPYRUVATE (PHENYLKETONE)WHICH IS URINATED OUT |
| UNNTREATED PHENYLETONURIA | BEHAVIORAL PROBLMS, CARDAC PROBLEMS, EEG ABNOMAL, HYPERACTIVITY, HYPOPIGMENTATIONN, LWO BIRTH WT., MENTAL DISORDERS, MICROCEPHALY, MUSTY ODOR OF SWEAT AND URINE, EXZMA, SEIZURES, |
| CHARACTERISTIC OF FOCAL SEIZURE | PRECEDED BY AURA |
| RISK FACTOR FOR CEREBRAL PALSY | PRETERM BIRTH |
| CEREBAL PALSAL CHARACTERITCS | ONGOIN GPRIMITVE BEHAVIOR, ABNORMAL MUSCLE TONE, |
| HOW TO CONTRAL IINCREASING IICP | GIVE SEDATIVE GIVE PARALYTICS |
| VESTIBUAR FUNCTION TEST | COLARIC REFLEX TEST |
| DIFFERNT VERTIGO | PEROIOPHERAL IMPROVES IN A SHORT TIME |
| RISK FACTOR FOR BELLS PALSY | DM |
| TREAT PERSISTEN VERTIGO IN A CHILD | ANTICONVULSENT OR BETA BLOCKER FOR VESTIBULAR VERTIGO |
| WHICH HEAVY METAL CAUSES N/V/D | ARSENIC |
| ORGANIC COMPOUND OF MERCURY FOUND IN | BATTERIES |
| CHELATION THERAPY | USED TO TREAT TOXIC LEVELS OF METALS BY DISSOLVING THEM IIN BLOOD AND URINATING OUT |
| DIFFERENTAL DX OF LEAD/MERCURY POISIN | ABDOMINAL COLIC, CONSTIPATION, EMOTIAONL AND BEHAVIOR DISORDERSS, INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, IRON DEF. NEOPLAMS OF CNS, SUBDURAL HEMATOMA |
| CONFFIRM LEAD DX POISING | RBC (BASOPHILIC STIPPLING, CHANGES AS. WITH IRON DEF. ANEMIA, MOCROCYTIC CHANES, HYPOCHROMIC CHANGES) OR BY X-RAY SEE SENSE LINES ONTHE BONES OF KIDS, IN URINE, |
| COMMON SYMPTOMS OF MERURY POISING | ACRODYNIA: PINK&PEELING SKIN, RED CHEEKS, NOSE AND LIPS, LOSS OF HAIR, TEETH, AND NAILS, TRRANSIENT RASHE, HYPOTONIA, PHOTOSSENSITIVITY, RENAL DYSFUNCTION, FANCONI SYNDROME, NEUROPSY SYMPTOMS, EMOTIONAL, MEMORY, INSOMNIA |
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