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Ch 28-33
Maternity and Pediatric
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| accommodation | occurs when the pupils constrict in order to bring an object into focus. When a bright object is held at a distance and then quickly moved toward the face, the pupil will constrict |
| chief complaint | the reason for the child's visit to the healthcare setting |
| nutrition history | information regarding the child's eating habits and preferences |
| personal history | data collected about client's personal habits such as hygiene, sleeping, elimination patterns, activities, exercise, special interests, and favorite objects (toys) |
| pinna | the upper, external, protruding part of the ear |
| point of maximum impulse (PMI) | the point over the heart on the chest wall where the heartbeat can be heard the best using a stethoscope |
| school history | information regarding the child's |
| social history | information about the environment in which the child lives |
| symmetry | a balance in shape, size, and position from one side of the body to the other -mirror image |
| anuria | absence of urine |
| child-life program | program to make hospitalization less threatening for children and their parents. These programs are usually under the direction of a child-life specialist whose background is in psychology and early childhood development |
| patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) | programmed intravenous infusion of narcotic analgesia that the patient can control within set limits |
| play therapy | technique of psychoanalysis that psychiatrists or psychiatric nurse clinicians use to uncover a disturbed child's underlying thoughts, feelings, and motivations, to better help him/her |
| rooming-in | arrangement in which the health care facility permits a family caregiver to stay with a child. A cot or sleeping chair is provided for the caregiver |
| therapeutic play | play technique that may be used by play therapists, nurses, child-life specialists, and trained volunteers |
| bolus feeding | an enteral feeding given intermittently |
| clove hitch restraint | restraints used to secure an arm or leg -used most often when child is receiving an IV infusion, restraint is made of soft cloth formed in a figure eight |
| colostomy | a surgical procedure in which a part of the colon is brought through the abdominal wall to create an outlet for elimination of fecal material |
| elbow restraint | restraint made of muslin with two layers, pockets wide enough to enclose tongue depressors are placed vertically along the width of the fabric. The restraint is wrapped around the arm to prevent infant from bending arm |
| enteral tube feeding | provides nourishment directly through a tube passed into the GI tract |
| gastrostomy tube | tube surgically inserted through abdominal wall into stomach under general anesthesia. Used in children who have obstructions or surgical repairs in the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, or cardiac sphincter of the stomach or who are respirator dependent |
| gavage feeding | nourishment provided directly through a tube passed into the stomach |
| ileostomy | a surgical procedure in which a part of the ileum is brought through the abdominal wall to create an outlet to drain fecal material |
| jacket restraint | used to secure the child from climbing out of bed or a chair or to keep the child in a horizontal position -must be the correct size for the child |
| mummy restraint | used to restrain an infant or small child during procedures that involve only the head or neck |
| papoose board | commercial restrain board for use with toddlers or preschool-age children that uses canvas strips to secure the child's body and extremities. One extremity can be released to allow treatment to be performed on that extremity |
| tracheostomy | surgical opening into the trachea to provide an open airway in emergency situations or when there is a blocked airway |
| urostomy | a surgical opening created to help with the elimination of urine |
| acid-base balance | state of equilibrium between the acidity and the alkalinity of body fluids |
| acidosis | excessive acidity of body fluids |
| alkalosis | excessive alkalinity of body fluids |
| azotemia | nitrogen-containing compounds in the blood |
| body surface area method (BSA) | using west nomogram, child weight is marked on right scale and height is marked on left scale. A straight edge is used to draw a line between the two marks, the point where the line crosses the surface area (SA) column is the BSA in square meters |
| body weight method | uses the child's weight as a basis for computing medication dosages |
| electrolytes | chemical compounds (minerals) that break down into ions when placed in water |
| extracellular fluid | fluid situated outside a cell or cells |
| extravasation | escape of fluid into surrounding tissue |
| homeostasis | signifies biologically the dynamic equilibrium of the healthy organism -uniform state |
| induration | hardness |
| infiltration | fluid leaking into the surrounding tissues |
| intermittent infusion device | a type of device that is used for administering medications by the intravenous route and can be left in place and used at intervals |
| interstitial fluid | composition similar to plasma but contains almost no protein. This reservoir of fluid outside the body cells decreases or increases easily in response to disease |
| intracellular fluid | fluid contained within the cell membranes -constitutes about two thirds of total body fluids |
| intravascular fluid | fluid situated within the blood vessels or blood plasma |
| total parenteral nutrition (TPN) | the administration of dextrose, lipids, amino acids, electrolytes, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements into the circulatory system to meet the nutritional needs of the child whose needs cannot be met through the GI tract |
| west nomogram | graph with several scales arranged so that when two values are known, the third can be plotted by drawing a line with a straight edge -commonly used to calculate BSA |
| chronic condition | condition of long duration or one that progresses slowly, shows little change, and often interferes with daily functioning |
| denial | defense mechanism in which the existence of unpleasant actions or ideas is unconsciously repressed. Grief stage, experience by caregivers of chronically ill children who deny illness and urge child to overcompensate for disabilities |
| gradual acceptance | type of response by caregivers when caring for a chronically ill child in which caregivers adopt a common sense approach to the child's condition and encourage the child to function within his/her capabilities |
| overprotection | type of response by caregivers when caring for chronically ill children in which caregivers protect the child at all costs, prevent child from achieving new skills by hovering, avoid discipline, and use every means to prevent child from frustration |
| rejection | type of response by caregivers when caring for a chronically ill child in which caregivers distance themselves emotionally from the child and, although they provide physical care, tend to scold and correct the child continuously |
| respite care | care of the child by someone other than the usual caregiver so that the caregiver can get temporary relief and rest |
| stigma | negative perception of a person because he or she is believed to be different from the general population -may cause embarrassment or shame in the person being stigmatized |
| child abuse | acts of commission which may result in harm or a threat of harm to the child |
| child maltreatment | term used to define all types of child abuse including physical, sexual, emotional, and any acts of negligence. -usually committed by a person responsible for the care of the child |
| child neglect | acts of omission in which there is a failure to provide for the child's needs or to protect the child from harm |
| codependent parent | parent who supports, directly or indirectly, the other parent's addictive behavior |
| dysfunctional family | family that cannot resolve routine stresses in a positive, socially acceptable manner |
| incest | sexually arousing physical contact between family members not married to each other |
| sexual abuse | sexual contact between a child and someone in a caregiving position such as a parent, babysitter, or teacher |
| sexual assault | sexual contact by someone who is not functioning in the role of the child's caregiver |
Created by:
ahoyyitbeaddi
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